项目经理的最佳力量是什么？

A project’s environment is much like a startup company’s environment. There is continuous pressure to perform with a limited budget and a fixed schedule. More importantly, you will always have new team members.

In this situation, you will have to manage your team and motivate them to perform their best.

This is not an easy task, and you will have to use your soft and hard skills to push team members continuously.

As a project manager, you can have many powers. The sixth edition of the PMBOK Guide recognizes the following fourteen powers of a project manager:

• Formal or Legitimate Power
• Reward Power
• Punishment Power
• Expert Power
• Relational Power
• Informational Power
• Persuasive Power
• Ingratiating Power
• Personal Power
• 情境力量
• Pressure-Based Power
• Guilt-Based Power
• Avoiding Power
• Referent Power

Now the question arises—which one is the best power of the project manager?

This was my favorite part of myPMP考试准备.

While I was studying this topic, it was stated everywhere that expert and reward powers were the best powers for a project manager. However, I could not understand this; are they the best together or separately?

I researched it and gave much to think on, but I did not find a convincing answer anywhere.

Since I have passed my PMP exam and own a blog, I am posting my understanding of this topic.

Please note that all the views expressed in this blog post are my own. You might disagree with them. I would appreciate it if you would share your thoughts in the comments below.

Let’s get started.

Power of the Project Manager

You can define power as influence overstakeholdersto make a favorable decision. For example, you can force them to dance to your song or attract them with your charisma.

您可以将这些权力分为两类：位置权力和个人权力。

You get positional power just by being the project manager. Some examples are formal power, reward power, and punishment power.

Personal power is something you have due to your personality, experience, or knowledge. Some examples are expert power and referent power.

Many experts say that reward and expert powers are the best. I agree that these are the better influencing powers for a project manager.

但是，您确定这两个权力同样好，并且每个权力都可以帮助项目经理完成their projectsuccessfully?

I do not fully agree with this.

Let me explain this to you in detail; I believe that after going through this blog post, you will agree with me.

首先，我们将快速查看所有类型的力量，然后我们将进行详细的讨论。

Formal or Legitimate Power

As long as you are a project manager, you have this power. This power comes with the position itself; therefore, this power is also called positional power. Team members will obey orders from you because they know that you have the authority.

This type of power is found inprojectizedand strongmatrix-type organizations.

However, this power does not exist in afunctional organization或弱矩阵组织。在这种情况下，您将必须使用软技能来完成工作。

Reward Power

Rewards are desirable, and team members will support you because they think that you will reward them if they perform well. Rewards may be monetary such as a salary increase, a bonus, or a promotion, or non-monetary, such as recognition, professional development, an appreciation letter, or days off.

奖励能力附在项目经理的正式权限上。

You may be working in a functional organization or with a tight budget, so giving monetary rewards may be difficult. Therefore, non-monetary rewards such as recognition, training recommendations, or a valuable assignment are common.

奖励应该是可以获得的，它不应该是赢得奖励类型的奖励。它的标准应该是公平的，透明的，并且可能对所有人来说。

Reward power is positional power, and you can have it if you are working in a projectized or strong-matrix organization. Although you can have reward power in a functional or a weak matrix organization as well, here you can offer your team members only non-monetary benefits.

Punishment Power

Nobody wants to receive a punishment. Punishment power comes with the formal authority of the project manager. Here, team members will obey you because they are afraid that if they do not perform efficiently, they may get punished. Here you use fear as a primary tool to get work done. Punishment power is also known as coercive power.

This type of power is associated with a strong-matrix organization.

通常，当成员表现不佳或正在造成问题时，您将使用此功能。

Expert Power

成为主题专家是一种出色的有影响力的力量。团队成员将尊重您的专业知识。他们信任您，因为您是专家，并且您知道如何管理工作。

Expert power is considered to be a positive power that influences others to follow your lead. If you do not possess expert knowledge, it is difficult for you to gain respect from team members.

Relational Power

If you have connections with some influential people in the organization, you possess relational power. Your connections mean team members want to connect with you as well.

If you are a new project manager, this power may help you in the initial stages of the project when you may not have any other power, except formal power, as you may be perceived as being closely aligned with the top management.

Informational Power

As the saying goes, well-informed means well-armed. Information is the key to success for any project. If you are responsible for processing information or possess some information, you have a greater chance of completing the project successfully.

Persuasive Power

If you can say “go to hell” in such a way that people look forward to the trip, you have this power. The point is that you can convince your team to follow your lead.

Ingratiating Power

If you are an expert in flattery, you have this power. Here, you try to find common ground, emphasize, and achieve cooperation. This is a beneficial skill when avoiding tough situations.

Personal Power

This power depends on your personality; how you look, how you speak, and how you behave. This power is also known as charismatic power.

情境力量

If you have rescued your project from a crisis in the past, you have this power. Team members will remember your efforts and respect you for your heroic act.

Pressure-Based Power

If you regularly pressure your team members to work harder and complete the task within a tight schedule, sometimes in unrealistic conditions, you have this power.

Guilt-Based Power

Here, you inform team members that they are performing poorly, and it is affecting the project; even if they are performing well. You instill in them that they have to perform better. Therefore, the team member will feel guilty and try to work harder.

Avoiding Power

If you avoid making tough decisions and miss meetings, you have avoiding power. This is one of the most negative powers, and you don’t want to be associated with it.

Referent Power

如果您长期从事职业工作并获得了一些信誉，那么您将拥有这种权力。

我的看法

您可以在此处解释任何或全部的权力，但是要成功完成该项目的最小麻烦，您应该至少拥有其中三个权力；即，正式的权力，奖励能力和专家权力。

For example, formal power establishes your authority as the lead of the project, reward power helps you motivate team members, and expert power will help you to gain trust and support from your team members.

Punishment power works in some cases. The effects of relational power are not long-lasting.

现在，再次问自己：项目经理的最佳功能是什么？

Let’s see in which cases the team members will be more motivated and committed to performance:

愿意的团队成员会做得更好，工作动力来自奖励能力。如果团队成员知道将获得奖励，他们将更加坚定。

With formal and punishment power, team members are beaten into submission, which does not motivate them.

With expert power, though team members respect you and they trust your decisions, this trust is not going to translate into motivation; it can be a stabilizing influence but can never be a motivation. An increase in performance and efficiency will not happen without a motivating factor.

我接受专家权力的重要性；但是，我坚信，奖励能力比激励团队成员的专家力量更好，并取得更好的表现。

Summary

It is vital to understand every type of power that a project manager can use in different situations and variouskinds of organizationsso that you can be flexible and adaptive. If you are working in a projectized organization, you will have punishment and reward power. However, if you are working in a functional organization, you will have to depend on expert power and your soft skills.

What kind of power do you hold in your organization, and how do you find it useful? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.

供参考：搜索时job for a project manager, I came across Jooble, I found it useful. Sharing it here and I hope you will find it useful too.