产品范围vs Project Scope

进行项目以提供产品，服务或结果。如果您不了解项目范围和产品范围，将很难实现目标。在项目管理中，您会发现许多重要的概念对于用最小的障碍来完成您的项目至关重要。在这些术语和概念中，项目范围和产品范围脱颖而出。

Project scope depends entirely on the product scope. You must understand the product scope to define the project scope. These are the most important concepts in project management. I have noticed that many professionals incorrectly use these terms synonymously.

几天前，我看到了一个相关问题。有人要求澄清项目范围和产品范围之间的差异。有很多答复；但是，有些是不完整的，其中一些是错误的。看来海报更关心支持自己的意见。

None of the answers met the asker’s expectations, and honestly, the query was left unanswered.

This is one of the main disadvantages of a forum: you cannot identify the correct answer. It is possible that you may accept any wrong answer that fits with what you already believe. Forums are good for reading lessons learned and other stories but not good for getting your technical questions clarified.

因此，我决定撰写有关项目范围和产品范围的博客文章。

Before starting the discussion, let’s make sure we understand the terms product, project, and scope.

What is a Product?

The PMBOK Guide defines a product as an artifact or a quantifiable that can either be an end item in itself or a component item. These items are also called materials or goods.

换句话说,一个产品被定义为一个substance or article produced during a natural, chemical, or manufacturing process. You can characterize a product in many ways, such as by its physical properties and chemical properties.

例如，如果计算机是产品，则其特性是其处理器，屏幕尺寸，内存和硬盘。

What is a Project?

According to the PMBOK Guide, “A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.”

The first half of the definition says the nature of the project is temporary. This means that once you deliver the output,您的项目will cease to exist because you’ve achieved the objective.

下半年说该项目可交付。项目是为了产生特定的输出而进行的，该输出可能是有形的或无形的。

What is Scope?

A scope can be defined as the range, detail, or boundary of a term it is attached to. The word scope is not always standalone; it is used as a suffix or a prefix of another term.

If used with the term product, it means the details of the product, or when used with the project, it means the details of the project.

According to the PMBOK Guide, the scope is the sum of the products, services, and results to be provided as a project.

产品范围

In short, product scope is about the product details; what the product will look like, how it will work, its features, and more.

根据PMBOK指南，产品范围是表征bob手机客户端产品，服务或结果的功能。

例如，如果产品是桥梁，则产品范围可能是其长度，宽度和负载强度。如果产品是手机，则其产品范围将是其屏幕尺寸，电池备份，处理器速度，相机类型和内存。

However, for services, the product scope will give you details on the tasks and responsibilities of the person who will deliver.

In the case of a result, the product scope can be the information required from the result.

如何确定产品范围

Most of the time, the product scope is defined by the people who have higher levels of business expertise. Usually, a business analyst defines the product scope, and although the project manager can be consulted, their role is limited.

The business analyst will meet with everystakeholder了解他们对最终产品的期望和要求。一旦完成，分析师将使他们由利益相关者签署，然后对其进行处理以供批准。

确保在此过程中均未遗漏任何要求，因为在项目结束时增加更多的要求可能会很昂贵。产品范围的略有变化可能比最初的更改要花费更多的钱项目范围声明。The product scope should be well defined because the project scope is defined according to the product scope.

The product scope is what binds you and your organization to the user who will use the product. You should make every effort to get these specifications exact and complete.

However, if you have a contract to deliver the product to the client, you will find the product scope attached to the合同文件。

Project Scope

项目范围定义了产品的要求及其创建所需的工作。这也定义了范围内外的内容，这可以帮助您避免scope creep。

According to the PMBOK Guide, the project scope is the work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.

The project scope statement explains the expected result along with the约束和假设。这有助于实现产品范围。

If you are given a project to construct a bridge, the project scope will provide insight into how to build the bridge. It gives you all the required information. In this case, the project scope defines what exactly you need to construct the bridge. Nothing more.

How to Determine the Project Scope

项目经理定义了项目范围，这取决于许多因素。

例如，如果您收到firm-fixed-price contract, the client will give you a well-defined product description, which helps you in developing the project scope statement. In this case, you won’t have to worry too much about the project scope.

However, this isn’t always the case. Let’s consider another case.

Your organization initiates a project, and you are the project manager.

In this case, you may have to build the project scope statement from scratch. You contact the concerned stakeholders to collect the requirements and compile them, and then you get them approved by management.

Likewise, there might be several factors that determine the project scope, such as the client asking you to do everything on their behalf.

写得很好的范围声明使项目经理的生活更加舒适，并且该项目将在更少的障碍物中完成。项目范围是您与客户或您的客户之间的协议组织。

Project scope binds you and your project team to your organization; therefore, it should be very lucid and detailed. This document must be completed at an early stage of the project. An effective scope statement is necessary to guide a project to successful completion.

Determining the project scope is the first step in establishing the project’s schedule, budget, and resource allocation. Project management plans are made after the project scope is defined.

我希望现在您了解产品范围和项目范围。

Now it is time to explain these concepts to you with our trademark school building example.

项目范围和产品范围的真实世界示例

You get a project to construct a school building. The client gives you their requirements, such as the size of the building, number of rooms, details of the playground, number of toilets, and paint color.

您开始从事该项目。您估算预算，制定计划并制定时间表。

After developing and approving the plan, you gather the team and move on to the execution phase. You bring workers to the site and start construction. You complete the school building and then verify with the client whether it is as per their requirements.

Once the client is satisfied, you hand the school building over to them, get the final payment, and the project is closed.

上述示例有两个部分。

在第一部分中，客户要求您建造一座学校建筑，并为您提供他们的要求。教学大楼是“产品”，要求是“范围”。因此，客户给您的是“产品范围”。

In the second part, you construct the school building within the specified time and budget, meeting all the client’s requirements. Lastly, you deliver the product. In this part, the work you have done to construct the school building is the “project scope.”

How Product Scope and Project Scope are Monitored and Controlled

The most important tool to monitor the product scope is the requirement traceability matrix. This ensures that all features of the project are produced, thoroughly analyzed, reviewed, and approved throughout theproject life cycle。

This also helps manage change in the product along with the配置管理计划。

使用方差分析对项目范围进行监控和控制。

The Difference Between Project Scope and Product Scope

这些是项目范围和产品范围之间的一些差异：

• 项目范围是提供产品的工作，而产品范围是产品的所有功能和特性的总和。
• Product scope is oriented towards the “what” (functional requirements), while project scope is oriented towards the “how” (work-related).
• Product scope is defined by the business analyst, though the project manager may have a role. The project scope is totally defined by the project manager.
• 项目范围的一个示例是构建桥梁，而其产品范围可能是其技术规格，例如长度，宽度以及其必须承受的负载量。

概括

PMBOK指南的范围管理知识区域涵盖了产品范围和项目范围。bob手机客户端产品范围是项目的最终结果，项目范围就是您将如何实现它。该项目根据产品范围定义。这些是基本的术语，您必须理解它们。要完成项目，您必须成功实现这两个范围。产品范围是产品的特征，项目范围包括您制造产品的所有工作。

深入讨论项目范围，而产品范围则短暂涵盖，因为它不在PMP认证考试的范围内。您将从该主题中看到许多问题，因此可以很好地了解这些概念。

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您如何管理组织中的产品范围和项目范围？请通过评论部分分享您的经验。