Projects are undertaken to deliver a product, service, or result. It will be difficult to achieve your objective if you don’t understand both the project and product scope. In project management, you will find many important concepts vital to complete your project with minimal obstacles. Among these terms and concepts, project scope and product scope stand out.
Project scope depends entirely on the product scope. You must understand the product scope to define the project scope. These are the most important concepts in project management. I have noticed that many professionals incorrectly use these terms synonymously.
I saw a related question posted in a PMP forum a few days ago. Someone was asking for clarification on the differences between project scope and product scope. There were many replies; however, some were incomplete, and a few of them were wrong. It seemed like the posters were more concerned with supporting their own opinions.
None of the answers met the asker’s expectations, and honestly, the query was left unanswered.
This is one of the main disadvantages of a forum: you cannot identify the correct answer. It is possible that you may accept any wrong answer that fits with what you already believe. Forums are good for reading lessons learned and other stories but not good for getting your technical questions clarified.
So, I decided to write a blog post on project scope and product scope.
Before starting the discussion, let’s make sure we understand the terms product, project, and scope.
What is a Product?
The PMBOK Guide defines a product as an artifact or a quantifiable that can either be an end item in itself or a component item. These items are also called materials or goods.
In other words, a product is defined as a substance or article produced during a natural, chemical, or manufacturing process. You can characterize a product in many ways, such as by its physical properties and chemical properties.
For example, if a computer is a product, its characteristics are its processor, screen size, memory, and hard disk.
什么是项目?
According to the PMBOK Guide, “A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.”
The first half of the definition says the nature of the project is temporary. This means that once you deliver the output,your projectwill cease to exist because you’ve achieved the objective.
The second half says that the项目产生可交付的。Projects are undertaken to produce a particular output, which can be tangible or intangible.
What is Scope?
A scope can be defined as the range, detail, or boundary of a term it is attached to. The word scope is not always standalone; it is used as a suffix or a prefix of another term.
If used with the term product, it means the details of the product, or when used with the project, it means the details of the project.
According to the PMBOK Guide, the scope is the sum of the products, services, and results to be provided as a project.
Product Scope
简而言之,产品范围是关于产品详细信息的;产品的外观,其工作方式,功能等等。
According to the PMBOK Guide, product scope is the features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result.
For example, if the product is a bridge, the product scope might be its length, width, and load strength. If the product is a cell phone, its product scope will be its screen size, battery backup, processor speed, camera type, and memory.
However, for services, the product scope will give you details on the tasks and responsibilities of the person who will deliver.
In the case of a result, the product scope can be the information required from the result.
How to Determine the Product Scope
Most of the time, the product scope is defined by the people who have higher levels of business expertise. Usually, a business analyst defines the product scope, and although the project manager can be consulted, their role is limited.
The business analyst will meet with every利益相关者to understand their expectations and requirements regarding the final product. Once these are finalized, the analyst will get them signed by stakeholders and then process them for approval.
Make sure that none of the requirements are left out during this process, as adding more towards the end of the project can be costly. A slight change in the product scope can cost you a lot more money than an initial change in theproject scope statement。The product scope should be well defined because the project scope is defined according to the product scope.
The product scope is what binds you and your organization to the user who will use the product. You should make every effort to get these specifications exact and complete.
但是,如果您有合同将产品交付给客户,您会发现附在的产品范围contract document。
项目范围
The project scope defines the requirements of the product and the work required to create it. This also defines what is inside and outside of the scope, which helps you avoid范围爬行。
According to the PMBOK Guide, the project scope is the work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.
The project scope statement explains the expected result along with theconstraints and assumptions。This helps in achieving the product scope.
如果您获得了建造桥梁的项目,则项目范围将提供有关如何建造桥梁的洞察力。它为您提供所有必需的信息。在这种情况下,项目范围定义了您确切需要建造桥梁的内容。而已。
How to Determine the Project Scope
The project manager defines the project scope, which depends on many factors.
For example, if you receive afirm-fixed-price contract,客户将为您提供定义明确的产品描述,这可以帮助您开发项目范围声明。在这种情况下,您不必过多担心项目范围。
However, this isn’t always the case. Let’s consider another case.
Your organization initiates a project, and you are the project manager.
在这种情况下,您可能必须从头开始构建项目范围语句。您与有关利益相关者联系以收集要求并编译要求,然后通过管理层获得批准。
Likewise, there might be several factors that determine the project scope, such as the client asking you to do everything on their behalf.
A well-written scope statement makes the life of a project manager much more comfortable, and the project will be completed with fewer obstacles. Project scope is an agreement between you and the client or yourorganization。
项目范围将您和您的项目团队绑定到您的组织;因此,它应该非常清晰和详细。该文档必须在项目的早期阶段完成。有效的范围声明是指导项目成功完成的必要条件。
Determining the project scope is the first step in establishing the project’s schedule, budget, and resource allocation. Project management plans are made after the project scope is defined.
I hope that now you understand the product scope and project scope.
Now it is time to explain these concepts to you with our trademark school building example.
A Real World Example of Project Scope and Product Scope
You get a project to construct a school building. The client gives you their requirements, such as the size of the building, number of rooms, details of the playground, number of toilets, and paint color.
You start working on the project. You estimate the budget, develop the plan, and create a schedule.
After developing and approving the plan, you gather the team and move on to the execution phase. You bring workers to the site and start construction. You complete the school building and then verify with the client whether it is as per their requirements.
客户满意后,您将学校建筑物交给他们,获取最终付款,并关闭项目。
There are two parts to the above example.
In the first part, the client asks you to make a school building and gives you their requirements for it. The school building is the “product,” and the requirements are the “scope.” Therefore, the client gave you is the “product scope.”
In the second part, you construct the school building within the specified time and budget, meeting all the client’s requirements. Lastly, you deliver the product. In this part, the work you have done to construct the school building is the “project scope.”
How Product Scope and Project Scope are Monitored and Controlled
监视产品范围的最重要工具是需求可追溯性矩阵。这样可以确保在整个过程中生产,彻底分析,审查和批准该项目的所有功能project life cycle。
This also helps manage change in the product along with theconfiguration management plan。
Project scope is monitored and controlled using variance analysis.
The Difference Between Project Scope and Product Scope
These are a few differences between project scope and product scope:
- Project scope is the work that delivers the product, while the product scope is the sum of all features, functions, and characteristics of the product.
- Product scope is oriented towards the “what” (functional requirements), while project scope is oriented towards the “how” (work-related).
- Product scope is defined by the business analyst, though the project manager may have a role. The project scope is totally defined by the project manager.
- An example of the project scope is constructing a bridge, while its product scope might be its technical specifications such as length, width, and the amount of load it has to withstand.
Summary
Product scope and project scope are covered in the scope management knowledge area in the PMBOK Guide. The product scope is the end result of the project, and the project scope is how you are going to achieve it. The project is defined according to the product scope. These are fundamental terms, and you must understand them. To complete the project, you must achieve these two scopes successfully. Product scope is the characteristics of the product, and the project scope includes all the work you will do to make the product.
Project scope is discussed in-depth, while product scope is covered briefly as it is not in the scope of the PMP Certification Exam. You will see many questions on your test from this topic, so understand these concepts well.
You can enroll in our onlinePMP Training ProgramorPMP Exam Preparation Toolprogram to earn the 35 contact hours, learn about project management, and prepare for the PMP exam. Our programs will give you a unique learning experience that will help you pass the exam on your first attempt.
How do you manage product scope and project scope in your organization? Please share your experience through the comments section.
如果该产品是手机,将Product scope and project scope ?
and again what is in scope and out of scope
产品范围可以是其功能,例如屏幕尺寸,内存侧,进程和项目范围与您将如何制作有关。
请告诉我以下问题的答案
1. From the stand point of PMBoK, what comes first Product scope or Project scope and why?
Usually you define the product scope first then you define the project scope.
The product statement is included in project statement.
The PMBOK Guide fifth edition: 5.3.3.1
Dear
does PMBOk 5th edition define the project scope as a statement of work or scope statement ?
Statement of work include business need of the project, product scope, and strategic need of the project.
The project scope statement includes project description, assumptions, constraints, and major deliverables.
嗨,法哈德,
Is the Project and Product scope relevant to PMBOK 5 or there are changes to it?
Thanks,
Neil
不。
在PMBOK指南的两个版本中,项目范围和产品范围都是相同的。bob手机客户端
您能解释要求与产品或产品范围之间的需求与需求之间的差异吗?
As per your above blog what I understood is :
项目范围是要实现产品范围的工作,而产品范围是该产品的功能。
Best wishes
Thanks
嗨,法哈德,
非常感谢您的解释,现在更有意义。阅读上面的示例很明显,首先应该清楚产品范围,只有这样,PM才能定义项目范围。一旦明确定义了产品范围,我们就从项目范围或工作声明开始(每个公司都有自己的定义方式来领导它);我认为项目范围是一个合并的包装:
-Project Plan
– RACI or any equivalent document
– Budget and Estimation sheet
– Governance structure
and the methods of creating a project scope can be a all stakeholders meeting (apologies if I am going tangential to the topic) but to make sure that I do it the correct way, I am trying to confirm my statement above and pick your brain at the same time. Thanks again for all the help :)
Project scope include all work required to complete the task. Rest things help you to do so…
How do we define the difference between
Product Scope Verification and Project Scope Verification? Which Process groups each of them get verified in?
Product scope verification will be performed under ‘Validate Scope’ process and ‘Close Project or Phase’ process.
“验证范围”过程的输出是接受德尔iverables, which is an input for the
‘Close Project or Phase’ process.
Output of ‘Close Project or phase’ process is a ‘Final Product’.
关于项目范围验证,它是根据项目管理计划来衡量的。
“验证范围”?您是指“验证范围”?我很困惑!
它是验证范围。
PMBObob手机客户端K指南,第5版,第133页
thanks for the details-
Questions.1) – why it is important for pmp to learn about products management while exam is about project management?
2) - 我们可以在考试中有有关产品管理的问题吗?
Questions.3) – are you refering to PMbok3 or pmbok4?
Answer. 1) As a project manager you should know about the product management in brief. Product management is not very important for the PMP exam.
只有)有一个非常少的机会,你很快就会回来的l see a question about the product management in your PMP exam; however, be prepared.
答案。3)我是参考PMBOK指南第四版。bob手机客户端
项目管理的目的是在各种参数的指定范围内生产产品,例如示波时间,成本,质量等,从而使客户满意(买家)。实际上,产品是项目管理的输出。要了解效用,有效性是您可以意识到正在生产的东西。
Correct.
sir what about edition 6? though i have seen you have edited majority of the notes according to 6th edition too…i was about to sit for pmp exam but my mock scores were only 50% , i have to score 70+ in order to clear the exam right? your notes are amazing , so easy to understand unlike other study materials… thankyou for creating this blog.. sir can u plz give some tips to clear the exam , like i have 10 -15 days left to appear now and considering my score , are there any chances ?:(
您的分数很差,我建议您彻底阅读PMP考试参考和PMBOK,然后练习一些问题。
Let’s wait for PMBOK V 5, it is scheduled to be issued until this year’s end, there are some distinct modifications.
Usually, it is recommended to learn a little bit more in the project management occupation, than the simple standard statements. In this way, project managers should take care that the product management lifecycle is longer and it includes the project management lifecycle during which the project’ related (output) product is conceived and delivered.
正确的。
Anyway, PMBOK fifth edition has been arrived.
Sorry for replying you late, just now I have noticed your comment.
Related to the statement under Product Scope heading: “It is the outcome of the project”. ”
This is very interpretable. Let me cite the PRINCE2 methodology manual “Managing successful projects with PRINCE2” , page 21-22, on the outcome of the project:
4.2.2 Outputs, outcomes and benefits
In PRINCE2:
• A project’s output is any of the project’s specialist products (whether tangible or
无形)
• An outcome is the result of the change derived from using the project’s outputs
•一个好处是一个或多个利益相关者将结果视为优势而产生的可衡量改进。
Example of output, outcome and benefits
Output: New sales system
Outcome: Sales orders are processed more
快速准确
Benefits: Costs are reduced by 10%, volume
of sales orders increased by 15% and revenue
每年增加10%。
真挚地,