产品范围和项目范围

Projects are undertaken to deliver a product, service, or result. It will be difficult to achieve your objective if you don’t understand both the project and product scope. In project management, you will find many important concepts vital to complete your project with minimal obstacles. Among these terms and concepts, project scope and product scope stand out.

项目范围完全取决于产品范围。您必须了解定义项目范围的产品范围。这些是项目管理中最重要的概念。我注意到许多专业人员错误地使用这些术语。

I saw a related question posted in a PMP forum a few days ago. Someone was asking for clarification on the differences between project scope and product scope. There were many replies; however, some were incomplete, and a few of them were wrong. It seemed like the posters were more concerned with supporting their own opinions.

None of the answers met the asker’s expectations, and honestly, the query was left unanswered.

这是论坛的主要缺点之一:您无法识别正确的答案。您可能会接受任何适合您已经相信的错误答案。论坛非常适合阅读经验教训和其他故事,但对您的技术问题澄清不利。

So, I decided to write a blog post on project scope and product scope.

Before starting the discussion, let’s make sure we understand the terms product, project, and scope.

What is a Product?

The PMBOK Guide sixth edition defines a product as an artifact or a quantifiable that can either be an end item in itself or a component item. These items are also called materials or goods.

换句话说,产品定义为在天然,化学或制造过程中生产的物质或物品。您可以通过多种方式来表征产品,例如其物理特性和化学特性。

例如,如果计算机是产品,则其特性是其处理器,屏幕尺寸,内存和硬盘。

什么是项目?

根据PMBOK指南,“一个项目是为bob手机客户端创建独特的产品,服务或结果而进行的临时努力。”

The first half of the definition says the nature of the project is temporary. This means that once you deliver the output,your project因为您已经实现了目标,因此不再存在。

The second half says that the project produces a deliverable. Projects are undertaken to produce a particular output, which can be tangible or intangible.

What is Scope?

A scope can be defined as the range, detail, or boundary of a term it is attached to. The word scope is not always standalone; it is used as a suffix or a prefix of another term.

如果与术语产品一起使用,则表示产品的详细信息,或与项目一起使用时,则表示项目的详细信息。

根据PMBOK指南,范围是作为项目bob手机客户端提供的产品,服务和结果的总和。

Product Scope

简而言之,产品范围是关于产品详细信息的;产品的外观,其工作方式,功能等等。

根据第六版PMBOK指南,产品范围bob手机客户端是表征产品,服务或结果的功能。

For example, if the product is a bridge, the product scope might be its length, width, and load strength. If the product is a cell phone, its product scope will be its screen size, battery backup, processor speed, camera type, and memory.

但是,对于服务,产品范围将为您提供有关将要交付的人的任务和责任的详细信息。

在结果的情况下,产品范围可以是结果所需的信息。

How to Determine the Product Scope

在大多数情况下,产品范围是由拥有较高业务专业知识的人们定义的。通常,业务分析师定义了产品范围,尽管可以咨询项目经理,但其角色是有限的。

业务分析师将与每个人会面利益相关者to understand their expectations and requirements regarding the final product. Once these are finalized, the analyst will get them signed by stakeholders and then process them for approval.

确保所有的需求都是离开啊ut during this process, as adding more towards the end of the project can be costly. A slight change in the product scope can cost you a lot more money than an initial change in the项目范围statement。The product scope should be well defined because the project scope is defined according to the product scope.

The product scope is what binds you and your organization to the user who will use the product. You should make every effort to get these specifications exact and complete.

但是,如果您有合同将产品交付给客户,您会发现附在的产品范围contract文档。

项目范围

The project scope defines the requirements of the product and the work required to create it. This also defines what is inside and outside of the scope, which helps you avoid范围爬行

根据PMBOK指南(第六版),项目bob手机客户端范围是为提供指定功能和功能的产品,服务或结果而执行的工作。

The project scope statement explains the expected result and along with theconstraints and assumptions。This helps in achieving the product scope. Project scope is also known as scope statement or statement of work.

如果您获得了建造桥梁的项目,则项目范围将提供有关如何建造桥梁的洞察力。它为您提供所有必需的信息。在这种情况下,项目范围定义了您确切需要建造桥梁的内容。而已。

如何确定项目范围

The project manager defines the project scope, which depends on many factors.

例如,如果您收到公司固定价格合同,客户将为您提供明确定义的产品描述,这可以帮助您开发项目范围声明。在这种情况下,您不必过多担心项目范围。

However, this isn’t always the case. Let’s consider another case.

您的组织启动一个项目,您是项目经理。

在这种情况下,您可能必须从头开始构建项目范围语句。您与有关利益相关者联系以收集要求并编译要求,然后通过管理层获得批准。

Likewise, there might be several factors that determine the project scope, such as the client asking you to do everything on their behalf.

A well-written scope statement makes the life of a project manager much more comfortable, and the project will be completed with fewer obstacles. Project scope is an agreement between you and the client or yourorganization

项目范围将您和您的项目团队绑定到您的组织;因此,它应该非常清晰和详细。该文档必须在项目的早期阶段完成。有效的范围声明是指导项目成功完成的必要条件。

确定项目范围是建立项目时间表,预算和资源分配的第一步。项目管理计划是在定义项目范围之后制定的。

I hope that now you understand the product scope and project scope.

Now it is time to explain these concepts to you with our trademark school building example.

A Real World Example of Project Scope and Product Scope

您将获得一个建造学校建筑物的项目。客户为您提供了他们的要求,例如建筑物的大小,房间的数量,操场的细节,厕所数量和油漆颜色。

You start working on the project. You estimate the budget, develop the plan, and create a schedule.

制定并批准了计划后,您会收集团队并继续执行阶段。您将工人带到现场并开始建设。您完成了学校建筑物,然后与客户验证是否按照其要求进行验证。

客户满意后,您将学校建筑物交给他们,获取最终付款,并关闭项目。

上面的示例有两个部分。

In the first part, the client asks you to make a school building and gives you their requirements for it. The school building is the “product,” and the requirements are the “scope.” Therefore, the client gave you is the “product scope.”

In the second part, you construct the school building within the specified time and budget, meeting all the client’s requirements. Lastly, you deliver the product. In this part, the work you have done to construct the school building is the “project scope.”

How Product Scope and Project Scope are Monitored and Controlled

监视产品范围的最重要工具是需求可追溯性矩阵。这样可以确保在整个过程中生产,彻底分析,审查和批准该项目的所有功能项目生命周期

这也有助于管理产品的变化以及configuration management plan

Project scope is monitored and controlled using variance analysis.

项目范围和产品范围之间的区别

These are a few differences between project scope and product scope:

  • Project scope is the work that delivers the product, while the product scope is the sum of all features, functions, and characteristics of the product.
  • 产品范围针对“什么”(功能要求),而项目范围则针对“如何”(与工作相关)。
  • Product scope is defined by the business analyst, though the project manager may have a role. The project scope is totally defined by the project manager.
  • An example of the project scope is constructing a bridge, while its product scope might be its technical specifications such as length, width, and the amount of load it has to withstand.

Summary

Product scope and project scope are covered in the scope management knowledge area in the PMBOK Guide. The product scope is the end result of the project, and the project scope is how you are going to achieve it. The project is defined according to the product scope. These are fundamental terms, and you must understand them. To complete the project, you must achieve these two scopes successfully. Product scope is the characteristics of the product, and the project scope includes all the work you will do to make the product.

Project scope is discussed in-depth, while product scope is covered briefly as it is not in the scope of the PMP Certification Exam. You will see many questions on your test from this topic, so understand these concepts well.

You can enroll in our onlinePMP Training ProgramorPMP Exam Preparation Toolprogram to earn the 35 contact hours, learn about project management, and prepare for the PMP exam. Our programs will give you a unique learning experience that will help you pass the exam on your first attempt.

How do you manage product scope and project scope in your organization? Please share your experience through the comments section.