产品范围与项目范围

计划提供产品，服务或结果。如果您不了解项目范围和产品范围，就很难实现目标。在项目管理中，您会发现许多重要的概念对于用最小的障碍来完成您的项目至关重要。在这些术语和概念中，项目范围和产品范围脱颖而出。

Project scope depends entirely on the product scope. You must understand the product scope to define the project scope. These are the most important concepts in project management. I have noticed that many professionals incorrectly use these terms synonymously.

几天前，我看到了一个相关问题。有人要求澄清项目范围和产品范围之间的差异。有很多答复；但是，有些是不完整的，其中一些是错误的。海报似乎更关心支持自己的意见。

None of the answers met the asker’s expectations, and honestly, the query was left unanswered.

这是一个论坛的主要缺点之一:you cannot identify the correct answer. It is possible that you may accept any wrong answer that fits with what you already believe. Forums are good for reading lessons learned and other stories but not good for getting your technical questions clarified.

So, I decided to write a blog post on project scope and product scope.

Before starting the discussion, let’s make sure we understand the terms product, project, and scope.

What is a Product?

The PMBOK Guide sixth edition defines a product as an artifact or a quantifiable that can either be an end item in itself or a component item. These items are also called materials or goods.

In other words, a product is defined as a substance or article produced during a natural, chemical, or manufacturing process. You can characterize a product in many ways, such as by its physical properties and chemical properties.

For example, if a computer is the product, its characteristics are its processor, screen size, memory, and hard disk.

What is a Project?

根据PMBOK指南，“一个项目是为bob手机客户端创建独特的产品，服务或结果而进行的临时努力。”

The first half of the definition says the nature of the project is temporary. This means that once you deliver the output,您的项目will cease to exist because you’ve achieved the objective.

下半年说该项目可交付。项目是为了产生特定的输出而进行的，该输出可能是有形的或无形的。

What is Scope?

A scope can be defined as the range, detail, or boundary of a term it is attached to. The word scope is not always standalone; it is used as a suffix or a prefix of another term.

If used with the term product, it means the details of the product, or when used with the project, it means the details of the project.

根据PMBOK指南，范围是作为项目bob手机客户端提供的产品，服务和结果的总和。

Product Scope

简而言之，产品范围是关于产品详细信息的；产品的外观，其工作方式，功能等等。

根据第六版PMBOK指南，产品范围bob手机客户端是表征产品，服务或结果的功能。

例如，如果产品是桥梁，则产品范围可能是其长度，宽度和负载强度。如果产品是手机，则其产品范围将是其屏幕尺寸，电池备份，处理器速度，相机类型和内存。

However, for services, the product scope will give you details on the tasks and responsibilities of the person who will deliver.

在结果的情况下，产品范围可以是结果所需的信息。

How to Determine the Product Scope

在大多数情况下，产品范围是由拥有较高业务专业知识的人们定义的。通常，业务分析师定义了产品范围，尽管可以咨询项目经理，但其角色是有限的。

业务分析师将与每个人会面stakeholder了解他们对最终产品的期望和要求。一旦完成，分析师将使他们由利益相关者签署，然后对其进行处理以供批准。

Make sure that none of the requirements are left out during this process, as adding more towards the end of the project can be costly. A slight change in the product scope can cost you a lot more money than an initial change in the project scope statement. The product scope should be well defined because the project scope is defined according to the product scope.

The product scope is what binds you and your organization to the user who will use the product. You should make every effort to get these specifications exact and complete.

但是，如果您有合同将产品交付给客户，您会发现附在的产品范围contractdocument.

项目范围

项目范围定义了产品的要求及其创建所需的工作。这也定义了范围内外的内容，这可以帮助您避免scope creep。

According to the PMBOK Guide, sixth edition, the project scope is the work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.

The project scope statement explains the expected result and along with the约束和假设。这有助于实现产品范围。项目范围也称为范围范围或工作声明。

如果您获得了建造桥梁的项目，则项目范围将提供有关如何建造桥梁的洞察力。它为您提供所有必需的信息。在这种情况下，项目范围定义了您确切需要建造桥梁的内容。而已。

How to Determine the Project Scope

The project manager defines the project scope, which depends on many factors.

例如，如果您收到公司固定价格合同，客户将为您提供明确定义的产品描述，这可以帮助您开发项目范围声明。在这种情况下，您不必过多担心项目范围。

However, this isn’t always the case. Let’s consider another case.

您的组织启动一个项目，您是项目经理。

在这种情况下，您可能必须从头开始构建项目范围语句。您与有关利益相关者联系以收集要求并编译要求，然后通过管理层获得批准。

Likewise, there might be several factors that determine the project scope, such as the client asking you to do everything on their behalf.

A well-written scope statement makes the life of a project manager much more comfortable, and the project will be completed with fewer obstacles. Project scope is an agreement between you and the client or your或者ganization。

Project scope binds you and your project team to your organization; therefore, it should be very lucid and detailed. This document must be completed at an early stage of the project. An effective scope statement is necessary to guide a project to successful completion.

Determining the project scope is the first step in establishing the project’s schedule, budget, and resource allocation. Project management plans are made after the project scope is defined.

I hope that now you understand the product scope and project scope.

Now it is time to explain these concepts to you with our trademark school building example.

项目范围和产品范围的真实示例

You get a project to construct a school building. The client gives you their requirements, such as the size of the building, number of rooms, details of the playground, number of toilets, and paint color.

您开始从事该项目。您估算预算，制定计划并制定时间表。

After developing and approving the plan, you gather the team and move on to the execution phase. You bring workers to the site and start construction. You complete the school building and then verify with the client whether it is as per their requirements.

Once the client is satisfied, you hand the school building over to them, get the final payment, and the project is closed.

上述示例有两个部分。

在第一部分中，客户要求您建造一座学校建筑，并为您提供他们的要求。教学大楼是“产品”，要求是“范围”。因此，客户给您的是“产品范围”。

In the second part, you construct the school building within the specified time and budget, meeting all the client’s requirements. Lastly, you deliver the product. In this part, the work you have done to construct the school building is the “project scope.”

How Product Scope and Project Scope are Monitored and Controlled

监视产品范围的最重要工具是需求可追溯性矩阵。这样可以确保在整个过程中生产，彻底分析，审查和批准该项目的所有功能项目生命周期。

这也有助于管理变更的产品with the配置管理计划。

使用方差分析对项目范围进行监控和控制。

The Difference Between Project Scope and Product Scope

这些是项目范围和产品范围之间的一些差异：

• 项目范围是提供产品的工作，而产品范围是产品的所有功能和特征的总和。
• Product scope is oriented towards the “what” (functional requirements), while project scope is oriented towards the “how” (work-related).
• Product scope is defined by the business analyst, though the project manager may have a role. The project scope is totally defined by the project manager.
• An example of the project scope is constructing a bridge, while its product scope might be its technical specifications such as length, width, and the amount of load it has to withstand.

概括

PMBOK指南的范围管理知识区域涵盖了产品范围和项目范围。bob手机客户端产品范围是项目的最终结果，项目范围就是您将如何实现它的方式。该项目根据产品范围定义。这些是基本的术语，您必须理解它们。要完成项目，您必须成功实现这两个范围。产品范围是产品的特征，项目范围包括您制造产品的所有工作。

深入讨论项目范围，而产品范围则简要介绍，因为它不在PMP认证考试的范围内。您将从该主题中看到许多问题，因此可以很好地了解这些概念。

You can enroll in our onlinePMP培训计划或者PMP考试准备工具计划赚取35个联系时间，了解项目管理并为PMPbob体育网页登录考试做准备。我们的计划将为您提供独特的学习经验，可以帮助您在第一次尝试时通过考试。

您如何管理组织中的产品范围和项目范围？请通过评论部分分享您的经验。