Quality Assurance vs Quality Control

2020年7月26日
法哈德Usmani
Quality Assurance vs Quality Control

Quality assurance and quality control are most important processes for any project, as the project’s success depends on these processes.

Every project has a quality control section to take care of these functions. The quality assurance function usually stays with the organization and the quality control section has to communicate with the organization to coordinate between these two processes.

Since these processes are connected and work in coordination, many professionals, especially those working in small and medium sized organizations, do not understand their differences.

这让我想起了一个交互在my ISO 9001 training course a few years back. I met with many professionals involved in quality management. These people were all from different backgrounds and were working in various fields.

One of the guys I met told me he was working as a QA/QC engineer in his company. I questioned him about his job responsibilities and his duties.

He replied that he walks around and sees if everything is going as planned or not, checks the items for correctness, and he takes proper纠正措施if there are any deviations from the specifications.

I said okay, that takes care of the quality control part of your job, but what about quality assurance?

他不知道自己的质量保证责任。

It often happens that professionals who work as a QA or QC or QA/QC engineer are not aware of their job responsibilities, even though the difference between the responsibilities of quality assurance and quality control functions is clear.

This issue is prevalent in small or medium-sized organizations where they usually do not have the resources to hire QA and QC engineers separately.

In such cases, the person may possess the title of QA while working as QC and sometimes QC working as QA, or maybe even worse. This ambiguity is not right for the project and may affect the quality of the deliverable as well as the success of the project.

Quality assurance is the process of managing the quality of the product. Quality control is used to verify the correctness and quality of the product.Before we start discussing quality assurance and quality control in detail, we have first to understand the term “quality.”

What is Quality?

菲利普·B·克罗斯比(Philip B.

According to ISO 8402:1996 – Quality Management and Quality Assurance Vocabulary standard, “Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.”

根据ISO 9000:2000 - 一套国际质量标准和质量管理系统指南,“质量是一组固有(现有)特征满足要求的程度。”

Simply put, you can say that “quality” is about meeting the customer’s requirements and that the deliverable being fit for use.

如果产品满足或超过客户的要求,则据说它具有高质量。但是,如果它不符合其既定要求,则该产品的质量低。请注意,不管grade, the quality should be high; quality cannot be compromised in any case.

Quality Assurance

质量保证

The meaning of assurance is surety or trust. Assurance is an act of providing confidence that you can believe in. You can say that quality assurance guarantees the quality of the product. It ensures that the output of the process is defect free and conforms to all requirements.

质量保证是一种基于过程的方法;its primary objective is to prevent defects in deliverables in the planning stage to avoid rework, which is always expensive.

这是一个主动的过程;它强调计划,记录和最终确定确保质量所必需的准则。它有助于了解产品的要求和期望,并且此过程始于项目的开头。

Once all requirements and expectations are identified, a plan is developed to meet these requirements and expectations.

Tools Used in the Quality Assurance Process

The following tools are used in quality management: quality audit, process analysis, quality management, and control tools.

In a quality audit, a team of external experts comes in to review the process and procedures. If there are any discrepancies, they will suggest corrective action, and they may suggest an improvement in the process.

质量审核是确保项目遵循最佳实践和批准程序的绝佳工具。

In process analysis, you analyze to find any improvements, discover the root cause of any problems and identify any non-value-added activities.

Quality management and control tools include various diagrammatic techniques, which help you find ideas, make decisions, and prioritize issues. A few examples of these tools include an affinity diagram, a tree diagram, network diagram, etc.

Quality Control

quality control

质量控制是一种基于产品的方法,涉及用于满足质量要求的活动和技术。

Quality control functions start right at the beginning of the project work; it is a reactive approach, which helps find defects in deliverables. The primary objective of the quality control process is to make sure that the deliverables are defect free and acceptable and based on the quality requirements.

The quality control process has the following objectives: to find any defects in the product, correct them, and validate the deliverable.

Quality assurance and quality control are dependent on each other; the quality control process receives input from the quality assurance process, and in turn, gives its feedback to the quality assurance process so that the quality assurance process can validate the operational process.

For instance, if the project team finds a defect during the execution, they will correct it, and they will send the feedback to the quality assurance team. The quality assurance team will take corrective or preventive action after investigating the cause of this defect to prevent this defect from happening again in the future.

Once the process is updated, the quality control people will follow the updated process so the defect does not recur.

质量保证过程从质量控制过程中获得输入,反之亦然。

Tools Used in the Quality Control Process

Generally, there are three techniques for the quality control process. They are inspection, statistical sampling, and the seven basic tools of quality.

在检查中,可以对可交付的任何缺陷进行物理检查,并检查它是否符合要求。

In statistical sampling, you select a random number of items from a batch and inspect them for any defects and conformance.

The seven basic tools of quality arescatter diagram,control chart, histogram, checklist,Pareto diagram,因果分析, and flowchart. These tools help find defects and the causes of defects.

质量保证与质量控制之间的区别

以下是质量保证和质量控制过程之间的一些差异:

  • 质量保证侧重于预防缺陷,而质量控制则侧重于缺陷识别。
  • Quality assurance guarantees that the plan was efficient to avoid any anticipated defects. Quality control helps you find defects in the deliverable and correct them.
  • Quality assurance is a proactive process which starts even before the work on the deliverable has started, while quality control is a reactive process and its activity starts as soon as you start working on the deliverable.
  • 质量保证是一种基于过程的方法;在这里,您可以开发创建产品的过程,而质量控制是一种基于产品的方法,您可以根据要求确保产品为。
  • Quality assurance involves processes managing quality, and quality control is used to verify the quality of the product.
  • 质量审核是质量保证的一个示例,同时检查和测试是质量控制过程的示例。

尽管这些过程是不同的,但它们相互补充,一个输出是另一个输入。

质量保证和质量控制的好处

The following are a few benefits of these processes:

  • They provide you with high-quality output and eliminate waste.
  • They increase the efficiency of operations.
  • 他们提供客户满意度,这有助于您的品牌并有助于发展业务。
  • Less rework and after-sale support are required, which will help you save a lot of money.
  • They encourage a high level of confidence and a motivated team.

质量保证和质量控制密切相关,并且具有相同的目标,即提供无缺陷的产品。

这两个过程都是质量管理计划不可或缺的一部分,并且未能应用任何一个都将导致低质量的产品。

Summary

质量保证和质量控制过程确保产品没有缺陷并符合要求。这两个过程都有相同的目的,但是方法是不同的。质量保证是一种基于过程的,质量控制是基于产品的。质量保证设计一个过程,以使该过程创建的产品无缺陷,而质量控制则在生产产品时检查该产品以防止有缺陷的产品进入市场。

These processes play essential roles in the success of your project. Their effectiveness can only be achieved if they are well understood by the organization and the team performing the job.

There is another process, “validate scope,” which might be combined with quality assurance and quality control. I have written another blog post to explain this as well. Please visit:Quality Control and Validate Scope.

Are you involved in quality assurance or quality control activities? If yes, please share your experiences in the comment section.

PMP问题库

This is the most popular Question Bank for the PMP Exam. To date, this PMP Question Bank has helped over 10,000 PMP aspirants pass the PMP exam.

PMP Formula Guide

This is the most popular Formula Guide for the PMP Exam. If you face difficulty with attempting mathematical questions for the PMP exam.



Recommended Reading


Speak Your Mind

  • Very usefull, with relevent to construction sector , which is not orgnised as manufacturing we are sometimes facing non availability of competent QA /QC professional .
    Please give in details related to construction.

  • This is a very interesting and insightful write up. What I would have liked to see further is how a quality management person can apply QA and QC in an organization with diversified products and services. For example printing division and insurance division?

    Does one need to first understand the processestate express undertaking a quality audit of quality control exercise?

  • Thanks so much. I really appreciate what I have learnt on this blog and above the simplicity and relatableness of the instances. Once, thanks a lot

  • 嗨,法哈德,

    You are doing a great job, thanks a lot for this blog! Really helps to understand many concepts in different words (even more clear than in RITA book while, of course, the one should read RITA before the exam).

    A simple acknowledgment of the fact that quality assurance is a process-based approach while quality control is a product based approach (and therefore we apply the same for audits and inspections) allowed to me answer easily to at least 4 or 5 questions during the PMP exam yesterday.

    Thanks,
    Dima

  • Hello Fahad,

    我们可以说质量保证是项目质量管理的管理质量,而质量控制是项目质量管理的控制质量吗?

    Thank you,
    Mehul Parekh

  • 我有一个研究任务,我必须做。从我刚刚阅读的内容来看,一个人可以制定一个研究标题,该标题读到:

    Title:Study on the effectiveness of QA vs QC in a Manufacturing Environment.

    Under financial constraints, which of the two would be a better option to invest in. Where one’s aim/objective would be to prove that QA provides a better means of ensuring quality? Or coming to a holistic conclusion that both QA and QC is equally important. I am still quite unsure, this is only the beginning of my research task.

    • Both are equally important and complement each other. In QA you define procedure and in QC you ensure that it is followed.

  • Quality is the satisfaction of the users by fulfilling and/or fully functioning its purpose under specific standards.

  • Have been struggling to understand this concept of how in reality these 2 tasks are performed. Your blog helped me in clarifying the difference and their uniqueness. Very well drafted with common and simple language. Thank you!

  • 好吧,这在这里分享了有关质量保证培训的良好或有益的内容。感谢在此博客中发布出色的想法!

  • Well, here are sharing such a great and helpful information regarding Quality Assurance (QA). Thanks for the publish great ideas in this blog!

  • 我工作道路CONSRUCTION监督ambiguities on both QA and QC. You really solved my confusions. Now both of them are clear for me.
    God bless you so much.

  • As you said ,”In quality assurance, you plan to avoid the defect in the planning phase. In quality control, you try to find defects and correct them while making the product.”. Pmbook says quality assurance is execution process

    • 在质量保证中,在执行阶段,您检查项目团队是否正确遵循您的计划和程序。

      该声明已纠正。

  • 先生,您说,在质量保证我们计划过程中,我们怎么能说质量保证是一个执行过程

  • Thx. This post is indeed informative and crystal clear. Exactly what I needed as I start my journey as a quality assurer

  • 如果在控制组中进行了风险审核,为什么执行质量审核?

    I am taking the exam next week, thanks for your blogs!

    • 质量审核它是质量保证功能而不是质量控制,这就是为什么在执行阶段执行它的原因。

      • 法哈德,

        您能否与质量审核进行反对风险审核?与主动任务相比,我理解“审核”更多是检查或反应性任务。因此,我认为所有审核都位于控制过程组中。

        谢谢你!

    • 法哈德,

      After working on your sample questions from your eBook, I realize Procurement Audit is in the Close Procurements group, so now there is an audit activity in three different groups. I understand now, but maybe a discussion on the different types of audits might be helpful.

      Thanks again!

  • Hi Fahad

    非常喜欢您有关质量保证的清晰且相关的文章。

    可以将质量保证与直接和管理质量控制过程进行比较。

  • 嗨,法哈德,

    感谢这篇写得很好的文章,与PMBOK相比,它直接且更容易掌握关键差异。您的网站是我准备PMP考试的绝佳工具。

  • i am looking for an affordable online courses on Quality management, six sigma or any other related courses. kindly provide links.

  • I am reading all your PMP Certification Exam Study Notes and they are very useful and clear. I am preparing to take the exam in about 2 months, I will read every note but if you have more tips, I would really appreciate them!

    感谢您的帮助!

    Pura Vida(我来自哥斯达黎加)

    • You are welcome William.

      您可以在PMP考试上下载我的A2Z上的免费电子书,然后仔细阅读。这本书将帮助您准备考试。

      Let me know if you have any specific question.

  • Wow! I just have to say how impressed I am with the way you explain the differences clearly and easily.
    我非常感谢在3天内在考试前绊倒您的博客!谢谢你!

  • Hello Fahad,

    QA process using any tool of Quality management and control quality process.

    My query is : whether Quality Assurance process is using 7 basic quality tools(any of 7) ?

  • Assalaamu Alaikkum Fahad,
    I just joined in one of the IT company as QA Engineer. The company develops website required for one of the university. There is no QA department as of now. As QA Engineer what are the process that i should introduce here.

    感谢致敬
    Basheer

    • Wa-Assalam Basheer,

      First of all you should check all procedures. There must be some procedures. Go and review those procedures, and check if they are following these procedures.

  • 今天,我可以说我是QA/QC检查员,但是在不阅读您的博客之后。
    I love your comprehensive words which very simple & understood for all.
    I love ? with fahad usmani blog.

  • 在接下来的2天内参加考试…。我必须说,您的文章和博客确实在帮助感谢您的出色工作!

  • 嗨,法哈德,
    只是想说通过在博客中提供明确的信息来说出您正在做的超级工作。我昨天刚刚了解了这个网站,这是我的考试前一天……我花了大约2 - 3个小时阅读了您的所有文章,这使Crystal Crystal变得清晰了,我今天通过了PMP。保持了出色的工作 :)

    Regards,
    Prasanna Kumar KR, PMP

  • 嗨,法哈德,

    我是石油和天然气行业的招聘顾问。

    This blog is fantastic and very well explained!!

    Thank you very much!

    Regards,
    Abhilash VJ

    • 嗨,Abhilash VJ

      Iam glad to see you comments on qa and qc. Its clear understand that qa works of to see that the product is defect free.While qc is working to make sure the product to produced is to free defect according to the custome requests.
      Lastly have liked what you are doing oil and gas quality engineer.

      Regards

  • 帮我回答这个问题…..?

    乔是一个项目经理在一个工业设计project. He has found a pattern of defects occurring in all of his projects over the past few years and he thinks there might be a problem in the process his company is using that is causing it. He uses Ishikawa diagrams to come up with the root cause for this trend over projects so that he can make recommendations for process changes to avoid this problem in the future. What process is he doing?

    A.计划质量

    B. Perform Quality Assurance

    C.执行质量控制

    D.定性风险分析

    我发现答案是B,但是为什么?…。

    提前致谢。

    • See what the Joe is doing. He is only reviewing the processes used by his company so that the defects (occurred in past projects) could be removed. This is the job of quality assurance to develop a process in such way to avoid any defect.

      在质量控制过程中,项目经理采集样本或随机检查运行项目中的过程。

      因此,答案B是正确的。

  • 法哈德,

    Thanks a lot for your reply. It clears my doubt.

    What is your suggestion on taking on-line training? Now, I am doing the preparation on my own and don’t know whether i am in the correct direction. Any suggestions you can give would be appreciated.

    Thanks.

  • 法哈德,

    I do find your articles good. For some reason, I am not able to understand this article. Can you please help me?

    我知道质量检查确保设置了正确的过程以开发产品,并且QC确保最终产品是否按要求。我的理解正确吗?

    我不明白QA如何从QC中获取输入,而QC从质量检查中获取输入。你可以给我一个例子吗?感谢您的帮助。

    • Hello Ravindra,

      您的理解是正确的。

      Quality Assurance develops the procedures, hence input for the Quality Control process.

      During Quality Control, if you see that certain procedure needs some improvement or causing any trouble, then you can provide feedback to Quality Assurance to improve the procedures, hence input to Quality Assurance.

  • Hello Fahad
    我第一次尝试通过了PMP。您的博客在准备考试方面有很大帮助。非常感谢。对于所有PMP有抱负的人和对PM感兴趣的其他人来说,您的博客是一个杰出的博客,非常有用。写得很好且内容丰富。我仍然关注您的博客,以获取有关PMP的最新文章。一切顺利,并期望您更多。
    Regards
    Saleem Angillath

    • Congratulations Saleem for passing the PMP Exam!

      I hope this certification will help you to grow your career. Thanks for sharing your happiness here at PMSC.

      Stay in touch.

      法哈德

  • Thank you for posting your blog and sharing your insights and well organized thoughts and explanations. I wish I had come across your blog earlier in my travels, for today I failed my first attempt at passing the PMP exam. I was ill prepared, was too dependent on self-study via an internet website and life happens too often when one is trying to dig a hole and study in it…life always finds you to drag you away from all the fun of studying. Anyhoo, love your writing style which is not too pedantic and is not a repeat of what is found in the PMBOK which is a dread of a read for me. I never took the time to really discern between the two and it came to haunt me today.

  • {“电子邮件”:“邮件地址无效”,“url”:”网站的广告dress invalid","required":"Required field missing"}

    推荐资源b0b体育app

    将这些资源用于PMPb0b体育app认证考试准备,并以最少的精力通过考试。

    The PMP Training Program


    The PMI approved 35 contact hours training program that is 100% online, affordable, and help you prepare the PMP exam.

    The PMP Exam Preparation Tool


    A PMP exam preparation course, that is 100% online and provide you everything you need to pass the PMP exam.

    >