质量保证与质量控制

质量保证和质量控制是任何项目最重要的过程，因为该项目的成功取决于这些过程。

每个项目都有一个质量控制部分来照顾这些功能。质量保证功能通常与组织保持联系，质量控制部分必须与组织进行沟通以在这两个过程之间进行协调。

Since these processes are connected and work in coordination, many professionals, especially those working in small and medium sized organizations, do not understand their differences.

这让我想起了一个交互在my ISO 9001 training course a few years back. I met with many professionals involved in quality management. These people were all from different backgrounds and were working in various fields.

我遇到的一个人告诉我，他在公司的QA/QC工程师工作。我向他询问了他的工作职责和职责。

他回答说，他四处走走，看到一切都按计划进行，请检查物品是否正确，他会采取正确的态度corrective actionif there are any deviations from the specifications.

I said okay, that takes care of the quality control part of your job, but what about quality assurance?

他不知道自己的质量保证责任。

它经常发生,专业人士的工作QA or QC or QA/QC engineer are not aware of their job responsibilities, even though the difference between the responsibilities of quality assurance and quality control functions is clear.

This issue is prevalent in small or medium-sized organizations where they usually do not have the resources to hire QA and QC engineers separately.

在这种情况下，该人可能在QC工作时具有质量保证的头衔，有时甚至是质量保证人，甚至更糟。这种歧义不适合该项目，可能会影响可交付的项目的质量以及项目的成功。

质量保证是管理产品质量的过程。质量控制用于验证产品的正确性和质量。在我们开始详细讨论质量保证和质量控制之前，我们首先要了解“质量”一词。

What is Quality?

菲利普·B·克罗斯比（Philip B.

根据ISO 8402：1996 - 质量管理和质量保证词汇标准，“质量是产品或服务的全部特征和特征，它具有满足既定或暗示需求的能力。”

According to ISO 9000:2000 – Set of International Quality Standards and Guidelines for Quality Management Systems, “Quality is the degree to which a set of inherent (existing) characteristics fulfills requirements.”

简而言之，您可以说“质量”是要满足客户的要求，并且可交付的可用于使用。

如果产品满足或超过客户的要求，则据说它具有高质量。但是，如果它不符合其既定要求，则该产品的质量低。请注意，不管等级，质量应该很高;无论如何，质量均不能妥协。

Quality Assurance

保证的含义是保证或信任。保证是提供您可以相信的信心的行为。您可以说质量保证可以保证产品的质量。它确保该过程的输出是无缺陷的，并符合所有要求。

Quality assurance is a process-based approach; its primary objective is to prevent defects in deliverables in the planning stage to avoid rework, which is always expensive.

这是一个积极主动的过程;它强调planning, documenting, and finalizing the guidelines that will be necessary to assure the quality. It helps to understand the product’s requirements and expectations, and this process starts at the beginning of the project.

Once all requirements and expectations are identified, a plan is developed to meet these requirements and expectations.

质量保证过程中使用的工具

The following tools are used in quality management: quality audit, process analysis, quality management, and control tools.

In a quality audit, a team of external experts comes in to review the process and procedures. If there are any discrepancies, they will suggest corrective action, and they may suggest an improvement in the process.

Quality audit is a great tool to ensure that the project follows best practices and approved procedures.

在过程分析中，您分析以找到任何改进，发现任何问题的根本原因并确定任何非价值的活动。

Quality management and control tools include various diagrammatic techniques, which help you find ideas, make decisions, and prioritize issues. A few examples of these tools include an affinity diagram, a tree diagram, network diagram, etc.

Quality Control

Quality control is a product-based approach that concerns the activities and techniques that are used to fulfill the quality requirements.

Quality control functions start right at the beginning of the project work; it is a reactive approach, which helps find defects in deliverables. The primary objective of the quality control process is to make sure that the deliverables are defect free and acceptable and based on the quality requirements.

质量控制过程具有以下目标：要找到产品中的任何缺陷，纠正它们并验证可交付的可交付。

Quality assurance and quality control are dependent on each other; the quality control process receives input from the quality assurance process, and in turn, gives its feedback to the quality assurance process so that the quality assurance process can validate the operational process.

For instance, if the project team finds a defect during the execution, they will correct it, and they will send the feedback to the quality assurance team. The quality assurance team will take corrective or preventive action after investigating the cause of this defect to prevent this defect from happening again in the future.

该过程更新后，质量控制人员将遵循更新的过程，以免出现缺陷。

质量保证过程从质量控制过程中获得输入，反之亦然。

Tools Used in the Quality Control Process

通常，质量控制过程有三种技术。它们是检查，统计抽样和七个基本质量工具。

In an inspection, the deliverable is physically examined for any defects and to check if it matches the requirements.

在统计抽样中，您可以从批处理中选择随机数量的项目，并检查它们是否有任何缺陷和一致性。

The seven basic tools of quality arescatter diagram,control chart，直方图，清单，Pareto diagram,cause-and-effect analysis和流程图。这些工具有助于查找缺陷和缺陷的原因。

质量保证与质量控制之间的区别

The following are a few differences between the quality assurance and quality control processes:

• 质量保证侧重于预防缺陷，而质量控制则侧重于缺陷识别。
• Quality assurance guarantees that the plan was efficient to avoid any anticipated defects. Quality control helps you find defects in the deliverable and correct them.
• Quality assurance is a proactive process which starts even before the work on the deliverable has started, while quality control is a reactive process and its activity starts as soon as you start working on the deliverable.
• Quality assurance is a process-based approach; here you develop the process to create the product, while quality control is a product-based approach where you make sure the product is as per requirements.
• Quality assurance involves processes managing quality, and quality control is used to verify the quality of the product.
• 质量审核是质量保证的一个示例，同时检查和测试是质量控制过程的示例。

尽管这些过程是不同的，但它们相互补充，一个输出是另一个输入。

质量保证和质量控制的好处

以下是这些过程的一些好处：

• They provide you with high-quality output and eliminate waste.
• 它们提高了操作的效率。
• 他们提供客户满意度，这有助于您的品牌并有助于发展业务。
• Less rework and after-sale support are required, which will help you save a lot of money.
• 他们鼓励高水平的信心和积极进取的团队。

质量保证和质量控制密切相关，并且具有相同的目标，即提供无缺陷的产品。

这两个过程都是质量管理计划不可或缺的一部分，并且未能应用任何一个都将导致低质量的产品。

Summary

质量保证和质量控制过程确保产品没有缺陷并符合要求。这两个过程都有相同的目的，但是方法是不同的。质量保证是一种基于过程的，质量控制是基于产品的。质量保证设计一个过程，以使该过程创建的产品无缺陷，而质量控制则在生产产品时检查该产品以防止有缺陷的产品进入市场。

These processes play essential roles in the success of your project. Their effectiveness can only be achieved if they are well understood by the organization and the team performing the job.

There is another process, “validate scope,” which might be combined with quality assurance and quality control. I have written another blog post to explain this as well. Please visit:Quality Control and Validate Scope.

Are you involved in quality assurance or quality control activities? If yes, please share your experiences in the comment section.