关闭采购与关闭项目C

This blog post is now obsolete as the close procurement process is absent from the 6th edition of the PMBOK Guide.

At first, you may think that the close procurement process and close project process are synonyms of each other. I have seen people asking for clarification on them in severalPMP论坛是因为它们有很多共同点。项目管理的学生很难区分两者。

This blog post is meant to clear up these concepts. After reading this, you won’t have any problem differentiating between these processes.

Before we start discussing in detail, let’s make sure we all understand the key terms: procurement, phase, andproject。

采购

采购可以定义为从外部来源收购商品，服务或工作。

To put it simply, you subcontract a part of the project’s work to an external contractor. This is done for many reasons. For instance, if you are unable to do the job on your own or if it would be more cost-effective to outsource.

阶段

根据bob手机客户端, fifth edition, “Project phase is a collection of logically related project activities that culminate in the completion of one or more deliverables.”

由于许多原因，项目分为阶段。最重要的原因是项目规模。如果您想有效地管理一项大型承诺，则必须将其分为阶段并按顺序完成，除非情况需要阶段重叠。

Project

根据PMBOK指南，第五版：“一个bob手机客户端项目是为创建独特的产品，服务或结果而进行的临时努力。”

In other words, you can say that the nature of the project is nonpermanent, and it is undertaken to produce a certain output. Projects close when the objective is achieved.

Now let’s look at the close procurement and close project processes.

Close Procurement Process

关于第五版PMBOK指南，“近距离采购是bob手机客户端完成每项采购的过程。”

近距离采购过程也称为合同关闭。它支持关闭项目或关闭阶段过程。

据说在达到合同截止日期并结束时或终止合同时，采购将关闭。

一个项目可以有一个procurement contract或多个合同。

The close procurement process will happen only once per procurement contract. However, if the project has multiple procurement contracts, the close procurement process will be performed multiple times because there are many contracts.

可以在没有任何采购合同的情况下完成一个项目，如果该项目不需要该项目，则无需进行密切采购过程。

关闭项目过程

根据PMBOK Guide, fifth edition, “Close project or phase is the process of finalizing all activities across all of the project management process groups to formally complete the project or phase.”

该定义表明，当项目或阶段最终完成并接受可交付成果时，执行关键项目或关闭阶段过程。

To complete the close project or close phase process, the close procurement process must have been completed; otherwise, the former cannot happen—however, it’s different for the close procurement process where the project does not have to be finished to complete the close procurement process.

一个现实世界的示例

在这种情况下，让我们假设您有一个项目来建造一座学校建筑。

You find out that in order to complete the project efficiently, some work should be performed through a procurement contract, work such as:

  • 地球发掘
  • 电气工作
  • 木工工作
  • Painting

You need to do some excavation before starting any construction activities. Therefore, you have to procure this job from a contractor and negotiate with them.

承包商完成了工作，您为工作付款，然后完成此采购合同。之后，您构建建筑物。

现在，您正处于在建筑物中安装电气系统的阶段。您还采用了此任务。承包商来并尽其所能，您通过支付商定的金额来释放它们，然后您关闭合同。

之后，木工和绘画工作开始。您还购买了这些工作。一旦这些承包商完成任务，您就会付款，然后您也完成这些合同。

该建筑物已经准备就绪，因此您致电客户来检查它。客户满意后，他们就接受建筑物，签署接受信，并释放所有待处理的付款。一旦获得付款，就可以更新学习的课程，并发布团队和资源。b0b体育app最后，您关闭项目。

So, it’s evident in this example that the close procurement process is performed many times, but the close project is performed only once—at the end of the project.

一些关键点

请注意以下事项：

  • 紧密的采购过程必须在关闭项目或关闭阶段过程之前进行。
  • 近距离采购过程可能会发生多次project’s life cycle，但是密切的项目过程将在项目结束时仅执行一次。
  • 在关闭项目或关闭阶段流程中，客户接受可交付成果。
  • The close procurement process may or may not occur, but every project must pass through the close project process even if it is terminated.
  • 在密切的采购中，您可以完成与承包商的交易，并在密切的项目过程中与客户完成交易。

Note: Every project has five process groups that start with Initiating and end at Closing Process Group. Interestingly, these two process groups are comprised of only two processes, and that makes them the smallest of the five processes. These two process groups make up 21% of the PMP examination.

在研究这些小过程组的情况下，您可以在您的大约42个问题上回答PMP考试。我建议您特别注意这些过程组，以便在考试中得分良好。

Summary

The close procurement and close project processes may look similar to you. However, they are different and serve different purposes. The close procurement process belongs to the procurement knowledge area, and the close project process belongs to project integration management. The output of the close project process is the final product, service, or result. On the other hand, the output of the close procurement process is closed procurement.

If you would like to share your thoughts on this blog post you can do so through the comments section.