现在,该博客文章已经过时了,因为《 PMBOK指南》第6版中没有密切的采购过程。bob手机客户端
起初,你可能认为秘密地e procurement process and close project process are synonyms of each other. I have seen people asking for clarification on them in severalPMPforums because they have many things in common. It can be difficult for students of project management to distinguish the two.
This blog post is meant to clear up these concepts. After reading this, you won’t have any problem differentiating between these processes.
Before we start discussing in detail, let’s make sure we all understand the key terms: procurement, phase, andproject。
Procurement
采购可以定义为从外部来源收购商品,服务或工作。
简而言之,您将项目工作的一部分分包给外部承包商。这是出于多种原因进行的。例如,如果您无法自行完成这项工作,或者是否将更具成本效益的外包。
Phase
According to thebob手机客户端,第五edition, “Project phase is a collection of logically related project activities that culminate in the completion of one or more deliverables.”
项目分为阶段的原因很多。The most important reason is project size. If you want to manage a large undertaking effectively, you have to divide it into phases and complete them in order, unless circumstances require phase overlap.
项目
根据PMBOK指南,第五版:“一个bob手机客户端项目是为创建独特的产品,服务或结果而进行的临时努力。”
换句话说,您可以说项目的性质是非永久性的,并且要产生一定的输出。实现目标时,项目关闭。
Now let’s look at the close procurement and close project processes.
亲密采购Process
In reference to the PMBOK Guide, fifth edition, “Close procurement is the process of completing each procurement.”
The close procurement process is also known as the contract closure. It supports the close project or close phase processes.
据说在达到合同截止日期并结束时或终止合同时,采购将关闭。
A project can have a single采购合同or multiple contracts.
近距离采购过程只会每次采购合同一次。但是,如果该项目有多个采购合同,则由于有很多合同,将多次执行近距离采购过程。
A project can be completed without any procurement contract, if it is not necessary for the project, there is no need for the close procurement process.
Close Project Process
根据《 PMBOK指南》第五版,“bob手机客户端关键项目或阶段是完成所有项目管理过程组中所有活动以正式完成项目或阶段的过程。”
This definition shows that the close project or close phase process is performed when the project or phase is finally completed and deliverables are accepted.
要完成关键项目或关闭阶段流程,必须完成关闭的采购过程;否则,前者将不会发生 - 否则,对于不必完成该项目即可完成近距离采购过程的近距离采购过程是不同的。
A Real-World Example
在这种情况下,让我们假设您有一个项目来建造一座学校建筑。
您发现,为了有效地完成项目,应通过采购合同进行一些工作,例如:
- 地球发掘
- 电气工作
- 木工工作
- Painting
You need to do some excavation before starting any construction activities. Therefore, you have to procure this job from a contractor and negotiate with them.
The contractor completes the job, you pay them for the work and you close this procurement contract. Afterward, you construct the building.
Now you are at the stage where it is time to install electrical systems in the building. You also have procured this task. The contractor comes and does their part, and you release them by paying the agreed amount of money, and you close the contract.
Afterward, carpentry and painting work starts. You also have procured these jobs. Once these contractors complete their tasks, you make payment and then you close these contracts as well.
该建筑物已经准备就绪,因此您致电客户来检查它。客户满意后,他们就接受建筑物,签署接受信,并释放所有待处理的付款。一旦获得付款,就可以更新学习的课程,并发布团队和资源。b0b体育app最后,您关闭项目。
因此,在此示例中很明显,密切的采购过程是多次执行的,但是在项目结束时,关闭项目仅执行一次。
一些关键点
Please note the following:
- The close procurement process must happen before the close project or close phase process.
- The close procurement process may occur many times during theproject’s life cycle,但是密切的项目过程将在项目结束时仅执行一次。
- In the close project or close phase processes, the client accepts the deliverables.
- 接近采购过程可能会或可能不会发生,但是即使终止,每个项目也必须通过密切的项目过程。
- In close procurement, you close your deal with your contractor, and in the close project process your client closes the deal with you.
注意:每个项目都有五个过程组,这些过程组从启动和结束过程组开始。有趣的是,这两个过程组仅由两个过程组成,这使它们成为五个过程中最小的过程。这两个过程组占PMP检查的21%。
在研究这些小过程组的情况下,您可以在您的大约42个问题上回答PMP examination。I advise that you pay special attention to these process groups in order to score well on the exam.
Summary
The close procurement and close project processes may look similar to you. However, they are different and serve different purposes. The close procurement process belongs to the procurement knowledge area, and the close project process belongs to project integration management. The output of the close project process is the final product, service, or result. On the other hand, the output of the close procurement process is closed procurement.
如果您想在此博客文章上分享您的想法,则可以通过评论部分进行。
我想对以下内容进行一些澄清:
1) Do we negotiate or process payment/claim dispute under CONTROL Procurement (Claim administration) or CLOSE Procurement (Procurement Negotiation)?
2) In Project we have validate scope for acceptance of deliverables. What about in Procurement, do we validate seller work/deliverables under CONTROL Procurement or CLOSE Procurement?
谢谢。
1) As per the PMBOK Guide, fifth edition, “The Close Procurements process also involves administrative activities such as finalizing open claims”.
2)这是检查和审核。根据PMBOK指南第五bob手机客户端版,“买方要求的检查和审计,并由卖方支持,如采购合同所示,可以在执行项目期间进行,以验证在卖方的工作流程或可交付成果中的合规性。”您在控制采购过程中进行此操作。
你好法赫德,Thank you for posting this information and discussion. Which Process Group includes Procurement Closure? It was stated that it is part of Validate Scope which is part of Process Group Monitoring and Controlling. But also noted above by Joseph is ….Close Procurement is a step under the Procurement Management process within the Execution Process Group. Please clarify which Process Group includes Procurement Closure?
请参阅第61页,PMBOK指南第五版。bob手机客户端它正在关闭过程组中。
关闭the procurement can happen at any stage and in any phase. Hence it is not a trigger to close the project. Phase or project can still continue. However before closing the project there should not be any open activity/task. Hence it is mandatory to close the procurements before closing the project however closing procurement does not require to trigger the phase/project closure. I think accepted deliverables can have the deliverables which are part of the procurement outputs. Hence not mentioned as separate input to close project or phase process.
亲爱的法哈德先生
如果我仍然有一些未支付给卖方的发票,这是否意味着该项目仍未关闭???
Thanks
You have to close all procurement contracts before closing the project.
您能解释一下近距离项目中发生的事件的顺序吗?
I see many questions in mock tests regarding the same. Some say closing the contract happens after releasing the team. Some say measure Customer satisfaction is the last step in closing. Some say it is the formal sign off.
What is the order of the below actions :
1. Sign off and final acceptance
2.final Payments and complete cost records
3. Update lessons learned
4.update project records.
5.确保所有项目管理流程均已完成。
6.Index and Archive project records.
7.Analyze the success of the project
8.评估客户满意度
9.将完成的可交付成果送到运营,维护等
10. Release the team.
丽塔书中有一个流程图。了解此图表,它将帮助您清除许多疑问。
嗨,法哈德,
RITA的流程图并未谈论阶段/项目关闭中的释放团队活动。我认为仍然需要很少的团队成员(项目管理团队)可以努力收集最终的课程或进行趋势分析等。因此,这可能是项目关闭的最后一项活动。但是,在发布团队后,需要更新某些项目文档,然后存档,因此可以将归档项目记录视为最后一个活动。这与丽塔过程图表中提到的最后一个活动“收集最终的经验教训并更新知识库”一致。
However in one of the simulation test this answer was marked incorrect and the correct answer they mentioned was Solicit customer feedback. I am not sure if this is correct answer.
Please share your views.
我没有丽塔的书,所以不能对此发表评论,尽管我建议您了解PMBOK指南第五版第61页上给出的图表。bob手机客户端
你好法赫德,
Could you please clarify what happens if a claim on the procurement cannot be settled by the parties and is finally the subject of a court procedure (which can be very long… up to several years).
以简单的例子:卖方与买方之间关于要支付的价格有索赔,但是卖方已经执行和交付了工作。
Does it means that the buyer cannot close the procurement and therefore the project because of the claim? Or can he close it because the work has been delivered by the seller?
Do the project and the procurement remain “open” during several years if there is appeal procedure etc. ?
Many thanks for your clarifications
If the resolution cannot be solved through the arbitration, and it goes to court, you can not close procurement with the contractor.
Although you can close the project with your client since the project is completed, case will remain open with you and your supplier.
Also note that, since the court is involved in the dispute, it may stop whole proceeding or let you clear your deal with the client. It depends on case to case basis.
PMBOK第387页说:“未解决的索赔可能会在关闭后接受诉讼。合同条款和条件可以规定协议封闭的特定程序”。这意味着合同可以关闭,法院程序可以继续。
Please correct if this understanding is wrong.
As per my understanding: Yes.
参考:
KEY POINTS: Deliverables are accepted in Close Project.
I came across a question explanation where it was stated;
验证范围流程接受可交付成果。不关闭项目。
请阐明上述要点的正确性。
请参阅PMBOK第五版,第136页,点:5.5.3.1
My question is about obtaning formal acceptance of deliverables
这在项目或阶段结束中需要,但在采购结束时需要吗?以及如何以及如何接受采购关闭中的可交付成果。
Thank You
如果您在项目中有任何采购合同并且本合同已完成,则将关闭本合同并接受可交付的合同,但您的项目将继续进行。
亲爱的法哈德先生,
The main performing organization (main contractor) , wants to close their contract with the client, in which processes it will happen? whether in Close procurement or Close project
请解释一下…..
regards,
Jayanth
如果主要承包商拥有整个项目并想关闭合同,则必须进行密切的项目流程。
However, if the main contractor is having a part of the project then also he must go through the close project process but the client will go through the close procurement because the project is still on.
In any case, the contractor has to go through the close project, because for him everything is closed.
我认为,因为它说主要承包商意味着还有其他承包商仍在订婚。这意味着这是一个近距离采购的情况,而不是密切的项目,因为其他承包商可能仍在从事该项目。
Thanks for clarifying Adiministrative Closure..I’ve seen the term in several practice exams and was concerned that I missed something.
你好
您能解释一下有关封闭的管理人员。
Thanks
Suresh
行政关闭和关闭项目或关闭阶段是相同的。
(The PMBOK Guide Page-100, first paragraph, Article 4.6).