矩阵组织是什么Structure?

Projectized and functional organizations are rigid by nature. In a functional structure, there is a little scope of change in the way they work. This causes issues dealing with projects. All staff cannot be temporary.

A projectized organization has a temporary structure. This is not a favorable condition for dealing with projects. They need some permanent staff to take care of regular activities.

这是矩阵组织进来的地方；它具有两全其美的最好。它使组织可以选择适合其要求的结构。它们可以具有高效且灵活的结构。

The projectized and functional structures represent the two extreme points of a string, while the matrix organizational structure is a balance. It is a mix of two or more organizational structures.

这种组合有助于组织实现更高的效率，准备就绪和市场适应性。他们可以以更少的产品启动时间来更快地对客户需求做出响应。该结构适合在动态环境中运行的组织。

但是，矩阵结构不适合停滞的环境：例如，具有生产运营的组织。他们的变化范围很小。他们应该采用功能结构。

Matrix Organizational Structure

根据PMBOK指南，矩bob手机客户端阵组织是预测结构和功能结构的组合。

In a matrix structure, the authority of a functional manager flows downwards, and the influence of the project manager flows horizontally. Hence, it is called a matrix organizational structure.

Employees may report many managers in a matrix organizational structure.

例如，让我们说您是在功能部门工作的工程师。您的组织获得了一个项目，他们需要一名工程师来协助项目经理。您可能会在短时间内被分配到该项目，或者在他们需要您的服务时被打电话给您。您将有两个老板要报告。

The matrix structure is a composite of theprojectizedand the功能结构. Here, the knowledge, skills, or talent of an employee can be shared.

Functional managers will look after the functional part of the project. They may decide on the staff assignments. The project manager will have authority over the administrative part of the project: for example, carry out the work, follow-up on the schedule, evaluate the performance, etc.

Working in a matrix organization is challenging. Your role will be complex because you have many bosses. Work priorities, a clear reporting system, and responsibilities are important to avoid confusion and provide a better work environment in a matrix organization.

The matrix organization structure usually exists in large and multi-project organizations. Here they can move employees whenever and wherever their services are needed. The matrix structure has the flexibility of transferring the organization’s talent by considering employees to be shared resources.

Types of Matrix Organizational Structure

您可以将矩阵结构分为三类：

• Strong Matrix Structure
• 平衡矩阵结构
• Weak Matrix Structure

强大的矩阵组织结构

In strong matrix organizations, the project manager has the authority and a full-time role. A full-time project management team will report them and they control the budget. This structure has the characteristics of a projectized organization.

The functional manager has a minimal role in a strong matrix organization.

Balanced Matrix Organizational Structure

In balanced matrix organizations, project and functional managers share the authority. The project manager has a full-time role, while project management staff will be part-time. Here, both managers control the budget.

Weak Matrix Organizational Structure

In weak matrix organizations, the project managers have limited authority. Their role is part-time and no administrative staff report to them. Their role is like acoordinator or an expediter. Here, the functional manager controls the project budget.

A weak matrix organizational structure resembles the characteristics of a functional organizational structure.

Advantages of a Matrix Organizational Structure

The following are a few advantages of a matrix organizational structure:

• Highly skilled and capable resources can be shared. This allows open communication and knowledge sharing within the organization.
• The matrix structure is dynamic. It allows employees to communicate across the boundaries and creates a pleasant, cooperative, work environment that helps to integrate the organization.
• 员工可以通过参与不同的项目来增强自己的技能和知识。矩阵结构为学习和成长提供了一个良好的环境。
• Employees are skilled in functional departments. Project teams can get these highly skilled employees whenever their services are needed.
• Because of job security, employees will be faithful and perform well, meaning the efficiency of a matrix organization is higher.
• Resource usage is optimal. You can get access to experts easily from your organization, and you can share equipment between projects. Negotiation is better in matrix organizations.

Disadvantages of a Matrix Organizational Structure

The following are a few disadvantages of a matrix organizational structure:

• 员工可能必须向两名经理报告，这增加了混乱并可能引起冲突。这发生在一个平衡的矩阵组织中，两个老板都具有平等的权威。
• A conflict may arise between the project manager and the functional manager regarding authority.
• Employees may be confused about their roles and responsibilities. Work priorities can cause conflict among employees if they are not well defined. This happens when employees are assigned a task different from what they were doing.
• There can be competition for scarce resources. This may cause hostility and could impair the work.
• 通常认为，矩阵组织的管理者超过要求，这增加了间接成本。
• The workload tends to be high in a matrix organization. Employees have to do their regular work along with the additional project-related work. This can exhaust them. Employees may ignore their regular responsibilities if they are overtaxed.
• A matrix structure is expensive to maintain. Organizations have to spend more to keep resources because all resources are not busy at all times and some are needed only for a short duration.

How to Overcome the Disadvantages of a Matrix Organizational Structure

Some of these disadvantages can be countered in the following ways:

• There must be close cooperation between the project manager and the functional manager to avoid confusion and conflict.
• Communication should be well defined and it should occur in all directions. This is important to gain support from executives, managers, supervisors, and employees.
• Organizations must communicate their vision, objectives, and goals with their employees.
• 项目与功能管理器之间的电源分配应保持正确的状态。任何失衡都可能影响操作的有效性。
• Any必须解决项目经理与职能管理器之间的冲突as quickly as possible and in private.
• Roles and responsibilities should be clear and communicated to employees to avoid confusion.

概括

Big organizations have dynamic environments. They need to respond quickly to customer requirements and market demand, meaning a matrix structure is suited to them. This allows for better resource utilization and provides experts when needed. The matrix organizational structure tries to blend the best of both worlds: the power-sharing between the project and functional manager change according to the matrix.

This concludes this blog post on the matrix organizational structure. If you have something to share, please do so in the comments section below.

This is an important topic from a PMP exam point of view.

Reference: Alternative Organizational Structures 1976 and “Is the Matrix Fad a Fast Fading Flower?” 1984, Bob Youker.