What is a Project?

在此博客上，我撰写了许多与项目和项目管理相关的主题，但没有关于项目和项目管理，计划，计划管理，投资组合和投资组合管理

I am writing a series of blog posts on these topics, starting with “What is a project, its definition, features, and examples.”

我希望在阅读这些博客文章后，您对这些概念不会有任何疑问。

让我们从项目开始。

What is a Project?

According to the PMBOK Guide, a project is defined as a “temporary endeavor to create a unique product, service or result.”

通过生产可交付成果来实现项目来实现目标。可交付是独特且可验证的产品或结果；它可以是有形的或无形的。

“临时”一词不应用于项目输出；该项目是有限的，而不是结果。

Projects create a unique product, result, or service that is not repetitive. Though many construction projects build similar buildings, bridges or dams, etc., they are all unique products.

如果输出是重复的，则是一个操作。操作具有重复输出；例如，汽车制造。

Project Features

A project has the following features:

• 临时性：All projects are temporary in nature. This means, once the project’s objective is achieved, it ceases to exist.
• Definite Timeline:一个项目具有确定的，可衡量的和可实现的时间表，并具有确定的开始和结尾。一个项目不能永远继续下去；它具有确定的持续时间。
• 产生输出：所有项目都会产生输出。输出可以是独特的产品，也可以是增强功能，独特的服务或结果。

项目示例

项目的一些例子是：

• Constructing a building
• 开发新的药物化合物
• 扩展导游服务
• Merging two organizations
• Exploring for oil in a region
• 修改组织的软件系统
• Conducting research to develop a new manufacturing process
• Improving a business process within the organization

项目的最重要特征是其暂时性。该项目实现目标时结束。该项目也可以在以下方式结束：

• 资金精疲力尽
• The project is no longer necessary
• b0b体育app资源不再可用
• The project is terminated for legal cause or convenience

项目生命周期

项目经历不同的阶段，从启动到完成。这些阶段被称为项目生命周期, which is a collection of logically related project processes.

The phases can be iterative, overlapped, or may be sequential. Phases are time-bound with a start and end or control point. These control points are known as “phase gate,” “control gate,” or “phase review.”

尽管项目的规模和复杂程度各不相同，但可以将一个典型的项目映射到以下项目生命周期：

• 开始项目
• Organizing and preparing
• Carrying out the work
• 关闭项目

A project life cycle has many phases for developing a product, result, or service. These are called developmental life cycles. A project cycle can be:

1. Iterative Life Cycle:范围是较早计划的，但是随着项目进展时，更多的范围细节可用，时间和成本会被修改。迭代通过一系列重复的循环开发产品，而增量依次增加了产品的功能。
2. Incremental Life Cycle:The deliverable is produced through a series of iterations that successfully add functionality within a predetermined time frame.

Project Phases

在他们的生命周期中，所有项目都经历了五个阶段。这些阶段是：

1. 引发
2. Planning
3. 执行
4. Monitoring and Controlling
5. Closing

引发Phase

这是您正式启动项目的项目的第一阶段。此阶段有两个重要的过程：批准项目宪章并确定项目利益相关者。

项目宪章是最重要的项目文件，其中包含重要信息。它可能有可行性研究，业务案例，摘要成本效益分析，关键假设和约束，项目里程碑，预算，持续时间，重要利益相关者等的结果。

It shows the project objective, project scope, and list required to complete the project and assign a project manager.

识别项目利益相关者是签署项目宪章后的第二个过程。

Your project is successful if your stakeholders are satisfied. If you fail to identify your stakeholders, you will face many hurdles in successfully completing the project.

You must identify your project stakeholders at the beginning of the project and manage them efficiently to complete the project successfully.

计划阶段

In this phase, you develop a comprehensive and detailed project management plan.

项目计划有时也称为项目管理计划。本文档详细说明了如何执行项目，监视和控制以及关闭。

您通过收集要求并定义范围开始计划。然后，您制定时间表，设置截止日期并分配资源。b0b体育app

Then you develop other subsidiary project management plans, such as cost management plans, resource management plans, procurement plans, and risk management plans.

You may hold your first project kick-off meeting in this phase.

滚动波概念

Many times, the detailed project scope is often not available at the initial stage of the project. So you make detailed plans for the near-term work for which a detailed scope is available. For the rest of the work, you go for high-level planning. This phenomenon is known as “rolling wave planning.”

执行Phase

这是项目生命周期的最长阶段。在此阶段，您可以开发真实的产品，并花费大部分时间和预算。

As a project manager, you have to manage your stakeholders, processes, and communication in this phase.

此阶段的任何延迟都会影响您的时间表，您可能会超过预算和时间表。这将影响团队的士气，从而影响该项目的进步。

You have to be proactive throughout the execution phase.

The project output is developed in this phase.

监视阶段

此阶段与执行阶段同时发生。在执行项目计划时，您将不断监视与基线的任何偏差的进度。

If you observe any deviation in your plan, you will immediately take corrective action to solve the problem. You will also take preventive action to stop deviations from occurring.

在此阶段，您可以控制项目的各个方面，包括范围，成本，时间表，资源，风险，采购，沟通等。

Closing Phase

This is the final phase of the project, and it has only one process: close project.

The key activities of this process are final product transition, final report preparation, project documents update, and updates in the organizational process assets.

关闭项目不仅仅是关闭项目。您还完成了对客户的最终过渡。

您将检查是否关闭所有采购合同并支付发票。

You will update your lessons learned document and other project documents. After updating these documents, you will store them in repositories as organizational process assets.

Finally, you will disband your project management team and release all team members so the organization can assign them to other projects.

结论

Projects are undertaken to attain a specific objective, and once it is achieved, the project is closed. A project is a temporary organization and goes through five phases, from initiation to close. Every project is unique, and so its output.

Now, here is where this post on projects ends.

If you have any questions about projects, share them through the comments section, and I will reply to you.