如何确定项目管理中的利益相关者？

Today, we will talk about how to identify stakeholders in project management.

Project management is about managing stakeholders. Projects exist to fulfill the stakeholders’ requirements. If they are not happy, you cannot say that your project was a success.

PMBObob手机客户端K指南describes a stakeholder作为一个个人，团体或组织，可能会受到项目的决定，活动或结果影响或认为自己的影响。

Put simply, if someone has any interest in or is affected by your project, they are your stakeholder.

利益相关者的示例包括项目经理，项目赞助商，高级管理人员和团队成员。

You want to complete your project with minimal headaches and hassles. So, you must identify your project stakeholders early and then engage with them throughout项目生命周期.

如何确定项目管理中的利益相关者？

您便开始确定利益相关者的流程，很快就会签署项目宪章。

在此过程中，您将确定项目的利益相关者，并将这些信息记录在利益相关者登记册中。该信息可能包括对项目的兴趣，影响和影响。

The following documents and techniques will help you find your stakeholders:

• Project Charter
• 合同文件
• Procurement Documents
• OPA和EEF
• 专家访谈
• Brainstorming Sessions

Project Charter

项目经理的项目宪章名称并正式启动项目。本文档包含其他高级信息，例如项目经理，客户，赞助商，其他有影响力的利益相关者的名称等。

You will find the names of the key stakeholders in the project charter.

合同文件

If you confirmed the project through a contractual agreement,review the contract仔细的文件。

合同协议可以为您提供供应商，当地代理商和客户的联系的名称。

OPA和EEF

审查enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assetscan reveal many stakeholders.

The stakeholder register and lessons learned documents from past projects can also help you find more.

The government is a key stakeholder for any project, and their support is critical to the success of your project. You must maintain a good working relationship with various governmental authorities. You can get information on government entities from the enterprise environmental factors.

此外，审查政府法规和行业标准可以帮助您找到更多的项目利益相关者。

与专家的访谈

You don’t have to interview all stakeholders, but you should use this technique for the influential ones. You can gain a great deal of information this way.

尝试在面试中提出开放式问题，并考虑与您保持一支团队成员以记录信息。

Brainstorming Sessions

集思广益是一种很好的技术，用于收集信息并确定您项目的利益相关者。您可以与您的团队成员和专家集思广益。

尝试在集思广益会议期间找到以下问题的答案：

• Who is directly or indirectly involved with the project?
• Who may be affected by the project?
• 谁收获或失败？
• Who wants to complete the project successfully?
• 谁是供应商？
• Who will use the project’s deliverable?
• 谁是竞争对手？
• 谁是股东？
• 谁拥有该项目及其结果？
• Who has the authority to provide support?
• Who can cause your project to fail?

Stakeholder identification is a continuous process; you must keep looking for them throughout the project life cycle.

随着项目的进行，您可能会发现新的利益相关者加入了。您的一些旧产品可能会对您的项目失去兴趣。权力和兴趣可能会随着时间而变化，因此请保留利益相关者的属性。

您将在利益相关者登记册中记录利益相关者的信息。简约登记册将具有以下数据：

• Name
• 标题
• Interest
• Power
• 要求
• Expectations

This will help you in drafting the利益相关者管理策略.

Summary

Identifying stakeholders is an iterative process. You should repeat it throughout the project’s life cycle, making sure that you don’t omit any stakeholders because the future of your project is in danger if you miss any.

Identifying stakeholders in the project management is an important process from a PMP exam point of view, so understand it well.

How do you identify your project stakeholders? Please share your thoughts in the comments section.