Your project’s success depends on the satisfaction of your project stakeholders. Sometimes, you have completed the project; the client has accepted all deliverables. However, the project is not successful because some of your stakeholders are not happy.
利益相关者满意度是成功完成项目的标志。
Now, you might be wondering who the project stakeholders are and whom you have to satisfy for the successful completion of your project.
I am writing this blog post to answer these queries, and I hope to clear up any doubts you may have about project stakeholders
利益相关者
According to thebob手机客户端, “A stakeholder is an individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project.”
Put more simply, a stakeholder is a person, a group of people, or an organization that has an interest in your project or is affected by its outcome, directly or indirectly. It may include project team members, project sponsors, organization members, and people outside of your organization.
If the project is small, you will have a few stakeholders. For a larger project, you may have a huge number of stakeholders, which may include communities or the public. In this case,managing stakeholders将具有挑战性。
例如,如果你要构建一个大坝,the number of stakeholders will be large. They will include governments, local authorities, the population that is going to be displaced, the population living near the dam, environmentalists, the project management team, higher management, etc.
Not all stakeholders are equal. Everyone has different requirements and expectations. You should treat them according to their requirements and expectations. Failing to do so can jeopardize your project’s success.
如果您了解利益相关者的需求,期望和要求,那么成功的机会就会增加。忽略任何重要的利益相关者都可以使您在项目的后期更加困难。这可能会导致项目延迟,成本超支,并且在最严重的情况下,突然终止了项目。
Types of Project Stakeholders
Project stakeholders can be grouped into two categories:
- Internal Stakeholders
- 外部利益相关者
Internal Stakeholders
Internal stakeholders are within the organization. For example:
- 赞助商
- An internal customer or client (if the project is for an internal need of an organization)
- A project team
- 计划经理
- A portfolio manager
- Management
- 另一个小组的经理(例如功能管理器,运营经理,管理员管理器等)。
这些利益相关者通常强度最高rest in the project’s success.
外部利益相关者
外部利益相关者不在组织之外。例如:
- 外部客户或客户(如果项目是合同的结果)
- An end user of the project’s outcome
- A supplier
- 分包商
- The government
- Local authorities
- Local communities
- The media
如您所见,外部利益相关者包括客户,政府和地方当局,这些都是非常强大的实体。因此,您必须仔细管理它们。
Positive Stakeholders and Negative Stakeholders
利益相关者can be positive or negative.
积极的利益相关者认为该项目的积极方面并从其成功中受益。这些利益相关者帮助项目管理团队成功完成项目。
On the other hand, a negative stakeholder sees the outcome and may be negatively impacted by the project or its outcome. This type of stakeholder is less likely to contribute to the success of the project.
许多专业人士认为,竞争对手也是负面利益相关者,因为您的项目也会影响他们。请注意,竞争对手不是负利益相关者,因为您必须积极管理利益相关者才能成功完成项目,但您不管理或满足竞争对手的要求。
The public can be a stakeholder, as we have seen in the earlier example. In this case, it would be impractical to manage the whole population, so you will consult their public figures or leaders to understand their requirements and expectations.
Some examples of this type of project are related to mining, the environment, roads, railways, dam building, etc.
You should identify your stakeholders at a very early stage of the project, and record them in the利益相关者register。
Some stakeholders will have low interest or influence on your project. However, you have to manage them as well, because they could become influential stakeholders.
Summary
利益相关者are individuals or a group of individuals who are affected by your project or have an interest in it. It is important to identify stakeholders at the beginning of the project and develop a strategy to manage them and their requirements. This will help you complete the project with minimal obstruction because getting them involved with your project will render the support you need it
What about your project’s stakeholders? How did you find them? Please share your thoughts in the comments section.
从PMP认证考试的角度来看,这个主题很重要。您将遇到有关此主题的许多问题。
page number of document?
用于倒影
Hello Ali, you can refer to the stakeholder management knowledge area in the PMBOK Guide.
can you explain types of stakeholders in terms of 1) neutral stakeholders 2) Supportive stakeholders 3) leading stakeholders 4) Influencing stakeholders
您好ASFAND,请阅读以下博客文章:
https://www.projectengineer.net/guide-to-stakeholder-management/
how do you know those stakeholders?? Is it just something like assume or create a persona?
If they are impacted by your project, then they are your project’s stakeholders.
help me
Hello Farah,
我如何才能帮助你?
:项目利益相关者分为三种类型。
Really great article that’s helped me a lot today with my studies. Thank you. Researching shareholders next!
You are welcome Sam.
该项目的可交付成果是什么?
A deliverable is a tangible or intangible good or service produced as a result of a project that is intended to be delivered to a customer (either internal or external). A deliverable could be a report, a document, a software product, a server upgrade or any other building block of an overall project. (Source: Wikipedia)
What is the background of the project ?
Please read the following article:
http://www.mymanagementguide.com/project-background/
Who are the key stakeholders
For example, client, top management, any government department, etc.
I need to know whether Project Manger is also a stakeholder or NOT .
Pl explain.
Yes, the project manager is a stakeholder because it is his or her project.
Its very useful article & informative but there is no elaboration on negative and positive stakeholders..!
Hello Talat,
I will include it in the next update of this blog post.
我正在为CAPM考试做准备,我想知道您是否可以指导或发出一些提示,使我为考试做准备。您的指导将不胜感激。
谢谢。
Do you have any project management experience or planning to attend a training?
Thanks fahad for this article, pls can u direct me to a Web site where i can get ” The role of user as stakeholder in project management process”.
You can search on Google. I don’t have any resource with me.
This is superb contributions to PM student, but what of categories of stake holders, as antogonistic, low priority as well as supportive stake holders taught by my lecturer???
You can define how are you going to classify stakeholder in your project management plan and go for it.
Hello, I am a student and this is really beneficial for me.
只是想知道您是否可以给我这项研究的问卷,这真的很有帮助。
对不起,基南,我没有。
请为解决群体创造力解决问题必须建立的方式是什么?
Please read following article published on projectmanagement.com
https://www.projectmanagement.com/blog-post/8359/Group-Creativity-Techniques-to-Collect-Requirements-
Very informative article,thanks fahad
You are welcome Tylor.
Very well written
You are welcome Karan.
法哈德(Fahad),对PM中利益相关者的学术文章。我喜欢阅读它。
Thanks Vijay for your comment.
Dear Mr. Fahad
如果我仍然有一些未支付给卖方的发票,这是否意味着该项目仍未关闭???
Thanks
You have to close all procurement contracts before closing the project.
Thanks FAHAD..
you shared a useful knowlede..
Thanks for your comments Saddam.
I think it date is very helpful for me to prepare my presentation..
感谢Umair的评论。
利益相关者are classified according to: Power, Influence, and what others?
希望这会阐明您的疑问:
//www.utahfilmbank.com/2012/06/stakeholder-analysis-stakeholder-management-strategy/
we need the positive impacts of involving stakeholders in projects
We also need to manage negative impacts of stakeholders..
真是一场精彩的文章,has helped me a lot
thanks
You’re welcome Koech.
那真是太好了,会真正的帮助,
thanks you
It’s like you’re on a misoisn to save me time and money!
:)
Real concise and comprehensive.
Thanks
You are welcome Merle.
One of the best explanations and easy to understand, Thankyou for posted that data for guiding us!
继续发布项目管理项目的所有相关材料。
Thanks Sumair for you comment.
VERY USE FULL ARTICLE
Thnx
You are welcome Sadham.
That was a really helpful piece of writing, gonna help me out with my college report a heep!
Cheers!
I am glad that you find it useful.
You need to separate true stakeholders from project team members and SMEs. The true stakeholders are identified through understanding the organisation, operating model and also related dependent projects.