今天,我们将讨论项目管理中的成本效益分析。该技术也称为福利成本分析,成本效益比,项目成本分析等。
组织很少有无限的资源,因此他们通常必须从可用的所有机会中选择最佳选择。b0b体育app组织做出这些决定的方式之一是使用成本效益分析。
在决定新的行动方案时,该技术也非常有帮助。
成本效益分析具有巨大的范围,并在一篇博客文章中对其进行了解释,这并不容易,因此我将提供此项目成本分析技术的初步概述。
成本效益分析
Cost-benefit analysis is a benefit measurement method usually performed by top management.
该技术在可行性研究中很有用,可以确定项目是否值得进行。
Also, during the项目选择分析,成本效益分析有助于管理从多个选项中选择正确的项目。他们收集数据并分析所有项目,然后尝试发现哪个项目更有利可图。
Cost-benefit analysis provides valuable information, such as:
- 预期利润
- 利润的时间价值
- The basis for comparing the projects
预期利润
成本效益分析发现并将收益转化为货币价值。然后,从收益中减去投资成本以获得结果。
如果结果是积极的,则可以继续进行;如果不是,请放弃这个想法。
例如,假设您的公司参与手动装订,您建议管理购买设备以提高效率。
在提交建议之前,您将执行成本效益分析。您将列出投资的成本。
例如:
- 机器成本
- 维护成本
- 这些机器使用的电费
然后,您将确定好处,例如
- 从改善生产中获利
- 减少员工的成本
- 优质产品的成本
您将弄清楚投资成本和福利的货币价值。
然后,您将通过从收益中减去投资成本来执行成本效益分析。将此数字与管理层一起证明您的建议是合理的。
Time Value of the Profit
In cost-benefit analysis, you calculate the expenditure and the expected profit. Remember that profit earned after several years will not have the same value as today, so consider inflation while analyzing the cost. Inflation erodes the value of money, so your profits won’t go as far
例如,每年假设通货膨胀率达到5%。一年后,今天可以购买100美元的价格将花费105美元。
计算当前价值
Assume that you invest 100,000 USD in a project. You expect to earn a 10,000 USD profit after one year.
Considering yearly inflation of 5%, what will the current value be?
The formula to find the Current Value is
fv = cv(1+r/100)^n
这里,
fv =未来价值
CV =电流值
R =通货膨胀
n =时间
给定的值,
FV = 10,000美元
r = 5
n =1
将这些值放在公式中,
10,000 = CV(1+0.05)^1
CV = 10,000/1.05
CV = 9,523.80
因此,您的利润当前价值为9,523.80美元。
没有特定的成本效益分析公式;但是,简单的方程式可以为您提供准确的信息。
The Basis to Compare the Projects
面对许多选择时,Cost-Beenfit分析可帮助您选择最佳项目。在这里,您可以比较当前价值中每个项目所赚取的利润,然后选择最高利润的利润。
If it is a multi-year project, you will not realize a profit in today’s value. You may hope you will profit from it; however, a Net Present Value (NPV) analysis could be eye-opening and worth doing.
成本效益分析的优势
成本效益分析具有许多优势。它可以帮助组织进行可行性研究,并从许多选择中审慎选择。当组织采取新的行动方案时,这也很有用。该分析具有几个基本优势:
- 它证明选择一个项目是合理的。
- It helps to compare the cost invested and benefits.
- It provides a baseline for comparing available options.
- 它将未来收益与当今的美元价值进行比较。
- It helps select the most profitable project.
Limitations of Cost-Benefit Analysis
福利成本分析有一些局限性。
这对小有用项目持续时间较短。随着时间的增加,this technique gets more complex and unwieldy. Bigger projects are more difficult; converting intangible costs is not easy, so this technique is no longer useful.
As the project grows more complex, intangible costs and benefits rise. Converting these costs and benefits into monetary form is not an easy task. Inflation plays an important role in longer projects. Also, the greater the project duration, the greater the risks.
概括
成本效益技术是计算投资成本并获得收益的系统方法。这是一种简单的技术,可以让您知道是否应该继续进行项目或应该在许多项目中选择哪个项目。
从PMP考试的角度来看,成本效益分析是一个重要的概念。确保您完全了解它。
您如何在组织中使用成本效益分析?请在评论部分中分享您的想法。
我是该领域的新人……仍在学习。我如何感谢在开始之前分析项目的预算是我们称之为项目启动的基础的重要组成部分。
Analyzing the expected cost and profits is a good strategy in all cases, provided that it is undertaken before the start of the implementation of the project to determine the extent of its economic feasibility for the company in addition to anticipating the general economic situation and making an account for the economic, technological and political market grades
该技术是否由高级管理人员在项目边界之外执行,以确定他们应该继续进行项目还是终止?
How can we say that benefit/cost analysis is done in initiation phase??? Because in initiation phase, we already get the selected project for which charter is developed.
该分析由项目发起人进行,以查看是否实现了他的目标。
Initiation phase and Initiation process groups are different. What you are talking is, initiation process group, not initiation phase.
How we can convert Benefit Cost Analysis into Monetary value or funds or money before submitting our proposal or project to the management?
您好Tauseef,请参阅下面的博客文章:
//www.utahfilmbank.com/2014/03/project-selection-methods/
Cost benefit analysis is performed during Initiating process group. I believe it falls under project integration management knowledge area.
成本收益分析属于哪个过程知识领域
谢谢
漂亮而简单的博客。谢谢你的法哈德。
谢谢Ajay for your comments. See you again…