虽然是projectis temporary, they are not performed in isolation. They work in a controlled environment and are affected by Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF) and Organizational Process Assets (OPA).
The Project Management Institute terms them as influences. Enterprise environmental factors can be internal or external, while organizational process assets are always internal to an organization.
企业环境因素和组织过程资产在bob手机客户端and are inputs of almost all processes. You must have a thorough understanding of EEF vs OPA.
Although the concepts are straightforward, many PMP aspirants fail to understand them and often make mistakes on the exam.
Please note that you may or may not see a direct question on these topics in the exam, but having a better understanding of EEF and OPA will undoubtedly help you on your test.
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)
First, we should understand the word “environment” before we start to discuss enterprise environmental factors.
You can define the environment as anything related to the natural world and the impact of human activity or its condition, or the culture that an individual lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact (Wikipedia).
Since we live in an environment, it influences our behavior in a certain way.
For instance, in cold weather, we need to wear woolen clothes to keep ourselves warm. The cold weather is the “environment” that forces us to cover ourselves with woolen clothes.
This is the impact of a cold environment on us.
现在,我们来到企业环境因素。
企业环境因素是影响组织或影响组织的项目管理团队的影响project, and its outcome. Every organization has to exist and work within the EEF.
这些影响可能会对您的项目限制产生积极或负面的影响,尽管通常会影响负面影响。
Enterprise environment factors can be either internal or external.
Examples of external enterprise environmental factors are as follows:
- Government regulations
- 市场状况
- External political conditions
- 行业标准
- 法律上的限制
A few examples of internal enterprise environmental factors include:
- 组织文化
- Type of organizational structure
- 内部政治条件
- 可用资源b0b体育app
- Infrastructure
组织过程资产(OPA)
在进行组织流程资产之前,让我们定义资产。
资产被定义为一个人或公司拥有的有用或有价值的实体或财产,具有价值,可用于满足债务,承诺或遗产。
资产是您可以在任何时间点拥有,保留和利用的东西。
Examples of assets are numerous; you can have a car, which helps you move around, a house to live in, a computer to work on… the list is endless.
以同样的方式组织also have assets that help them achieve their goals. Here these assets are called organizational process assets. These OPAs are inputs of almost all processes of the PMBOK Guide. The project management team may modify these OPAs according to their requirements.
Once the project has ended, these organizational process assets can be stored in a central repository so that they can be used whenever required for any future projects.
Organizational process assets can be divided into two categories.
The first is for processes, policies, and procedures for conducting work, which includes the following:
- 政策
- 程序
- Standard templates
- General guidelines
The project management team cannot update or modify these elements usually, as they have been provided by the organization. However, a project manager can provide feedback or suggestions, and higher management can make a decision to update or modify.
The second category comprises the corporate knowledge base for storing and retrieving information. For example:
- Risk register
- 得到教训
- 利益相关者登记册
- Past project files
- Historical information
These organizational process assets influence the project’s success, and they keep growing as the organization becomes larger.
让我们说您处于识别风险过程中。您决定通过使用清单开始识别风险。
You are not going to create this checklist from scratch; you will look at any similar past project records to find a risk checklist and customize it as per your project requirements. This will save you a lot of time.
项目管理中有一个非常著名的说法:“为什么要重新发明轮子?”这意味着如果您有一些可用的东西,为什么要尝试重新制作?您可以自由更新或修改此类别的元素。
Organizational process assets are used extensively in project management. It is the responsibility of the project management team to look for any relevant documents in historical records before starting to build something from scratch.
组织过程资产和企业环境因素(EEF与OPA)之间的差异
组织过程资产和企业环境因素之间存在许多差异。
Organizational process assets help organizations to improve their processes, help project management teams to learn, and share best practices by using a collective knowledge base.
另一方面,企业环境因素可能会或可能不会帮助您的组织。这些是您的组织必须工作的条件,并且不属于项目管理团队的控制。
For example, if the government increases taxes, it will affect your profits negatively; however, if they decrease taxes, your profits will increase.
此外,企业环境因素不容易改变。你必须和他们一起生活。组织流程资产可以根据其适用性进行定制,并使项目管理团队的生活更加舒适。
重要的是要注意,组织过程资产始终支持项目团队,而企业环境因素可以帮助或阻碍。
概括
Enterprise environmental factors (EEF) and organizational process assets (OPA) are the most widely referred to influences in the PMBOK Guide. EEFs provide you with a controlled environment in which your organization lives and you complete your project. OPAs help you by providing all corporate knowledge, policies, and procedures, etc.
You have to understand these influences as they are inputs of most processes and you have to manage your project within them.
您的项目如何受企业环境因素和组织流程资产(EEF和OPA)的影响?请在评论部分中分享您的想法。
你好法哈德,
Thank you for this explanatory article. It is really helpful for those who are studying for the exam.
Could you please clarify on a practice question that I have encountered: Why the pre-qualified sellers list considered an EEF instead of OPA? Because from my point of view this list is a documentation that aids the PM when planning procurement.
提前感谢你拨冗clarify.
Sometimes it is useful and other times not. You may be restricted to use only the prequalified sellers, so it is an EEF.
Hi great topic and clarity!
我准备考试,需要明确which organization the EEF apply to? Should the performing org be considering these factors for their environment to complete the project or are they factors that should be considered for the requesting org where the P, S, R will eventually be transferred to? PMBOK is clear that OPA are used by and specific to the performing org, however not clear about EEF. I recently completed a class where instructor stated they apply to the requesting org however Rita Mulcahy is stating the performing org.
绝望的嘶嘶声清晰!
The PMBOK has dedicated a whole chapter on it.
Please refer chapter-2 (THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH PROJECTS OPERATE) for complete understanding of the topic.
This is a good topic and very enlightening. Environmental regulations are hurtling companies presently. About fifty years ago and even much longer than that organizations were not under heavy regulations regarding environmental concerns. In our present time period companies pay heavily for environmental infractions.
先生,最好的问候
我们必须忍受并相应地管理。
Thanks Llew for your visit.
Hi Fahad,
There seems to be a confusion even within PMBOK with regards to “personnel administration” which has been mentioned to be an organizational process asset (4.4.1.5) as well as an enterprise environmental factor (5.1.1.3, 5.2.1.6 and 5.3.1.4 )……………I wonder which one is correct?
To make things even worse, by contradicting the concept that “policies are OPAs”, Personnel Administration Policies are mentioned under enterprise environmental factors in 10.1.1.4, 10.2.1.4, 13.2.1.5, 13.3.1.3 & 13.4.1.4.
如果有人能阐明这种不一致,那将是很棒的。
Thanks for the helpful info! I understand the difference between OPA’s and EEFs but since they are an input to or output of most of the processes, is there a handy list of processes where OPA’s and/or EEFs are NOT an input or output? This would just make it easier in terms of trying to manage all the ITTOs and focus one the ones that are process or knowledge area specific,
谢谢!
You can assume it is input to always all processes. Cannot think of any process which will have them as an input.
really it is the best explanation I have seen to define the EEF & OPA. but I have a little confuse regarding to the quality control system that you specified as EEF
but I can see it as company can change the system – if their is another better practice will improve the projects- so it should be under OPA….can you please explain me why it goes under EEF and not under OPA?
your time and help is really appreciated and thanks in advance.
Yes, company can change the system, Government can change the regulation, market condition can also change, and political environment can also change.
A better regulation can come, and a favorable political environment can happen as well.
但是这些变化并不能使它们成为组织流程资产。
To make more confusion, in Rita Mulcahy 8th page128, the definition of Change Control System is “Many organizations have a change control system as part of their PMIS. This system includes …procedures and software to track control changes. It is part of an organization’s EEF”.
Look, according to Rita, the Change Control Procedures is included in the PMIS, and PMIS is part of EEF. Hence the change control procedures must be part of EEF. But PMBOK page 147 defines that OPA includes Change Control Procedures.
你的评论是什么
更改控制程序和变更控制系统不同。
政策和程序是组织过程的一部分,因此变更控制程序也将成为OPA的一部分。
PMBOK®指南 - 第五版,第75页说:“组织过程资产……包括:标准化指南,工作说明,提案评估标准,变更控制程序,来自先前项目的项目文件,配置管理知识库等”。PMBOK®指南 - 第五版,第75页
对我来说,变更控制程序与学习的课程,历史数据或知识库无关。因此,它在EEF中更好。你认为法哈德怎么样?
Hi Fahad,
非常感谢您对提到的一些主题的详细说明以及清晰的清晰度。
1. Digressing to a different level, am confused about the term “Discretionary dependency” and why we need to eliminate discretionary dependencies during fast-tracking to control the schedule?
Your thoughts are much appreciated.
Discretionary dependency are recommended dependency which some times take extra time.
由于这些不是强制性的,因此在快速跟踪期间,您会查看这些依赖关系以缩短时间。
Hi Fahad, thanks for your patience to answer all questions. Here i have a confusion and seek your help.
当项目仍在运行时,所有项目数据存储在哪里?诸如PM计划,项目文档,工作绩效数据,工作绩效报告之类的数据。
如果这些数据通过PMI(EEF)作为前端存储,是否将其存储在某些知识库中,例如公司知识库(OPA)作为后端?
Or does it data remain in EEF till the project completes and then is submitted to OPA through lessons learned?
如果以软格式,它将存储在计算机服务器中。否则,只要项目活跃,项目经理就会与他保持联系,后来可以将其转移到某个档案店。
Location is not important, important is its storage.
如果是软格式,那么它存储在哪种数据库中?它在OPA还是EEF下?该方案是关于项目关闭之前的项目数据。tia。
它可以存储在PMI中。
不确定是否没有故意回答。问题询问PMI是OPA还是EEF。有趣的是,在PMBOK V6中,有时在EEF和其他时间下显示了OPA。非常令人困惑和清晰将不胜感激。
Yes, you are right, however, usually PMIS is an EEF.
Please oblige my question. I know it has been asked before, but I’m still struggling to understand the distinctions:
My understanding:
EEF - 您必须工作的条件(内部和外部)。你别无选择。您不能改变它,它会影响每个人(寒冷的天气,法律,严酷的政府政策,高海拔,不友好的同事/工作文化,功能矩阵组织,预测的组织等)
OPA – (Internal only) Tools, techniques, information or knowledge that affect the actual “doing of the work” – they can help or guide you do your work (guidelines, procedures, historical information from past projects, lessons learned).
我的问题:公司政策属于什么?
一方面,我无法控制公司政策,必须遵守它,使其成为EEF
On the other hand, I need to know the policies in order to know how to do the work, making it an OPA
You understanding is correct.
政策是OPA,因为它们是由您的组织设计的,可以帮助您成功完成该项目。
你好,
I have confusion between OPA and EEF and found your website. Looking at the comments and I see your categorization of these examples below. I don’t understand the rationale even though I feel I know what you mean by the article. Can you please elaborate more or relate it to the article definition for my better understanding? Thanks lot!
PMI->企业环境因素
质量Controlling Systems -> Enterprise Environmental Factors
Environment and Legal Procedures ->Organisational Process Assets
Organisational Policies -> Organisational Process Assets
非常感谢Fahad的解释。非常乐于助人,您的例子确实帮助我清除了关于OPA和EEF的大部分困惑。但是,他们仍然仍然存在,尊重您的所有努力和知识。
For the purpose of clarification – please bear with me.
1.您已经提到“……可以根据适用性进行定制OPA,它们使项目管理团队的生活更加轻松”。政策,程序,计划和知识基础是无UPA。在这里,我有点困惑,我对政策和程序的理解是,它们是组织拥有的“资产”,并在所有项目和运营活动中应用,这些活动并未单独定制用于特定的项目活动。例如,我目前的项目遵循我们组织的健康与安全政策(OPA),该政策无法定制我的项目,因此可以受到约束,而不是支持。
2. Organization structure – I really need some help here – how would the org. structure an EEF? Please help.
If you find any new best practice, procedure can be update. Likewise policy can also be changed.
组织结构是您有工作的环境。例如,如果您在弱矩阵组织中工作,则可能必须根据需要与功能管理器联系。
Great work Mr. Usmani.
PMI->企业环境因素
质量控制系统 - >企业环境因素(因为它是EEF的一部分)
I understand the PMI calls PMIS and QCS Enterprise Environmental Factors but from a financial accounting definition perspective “”An asset is a resource controlled by the enterprise as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the enterprise.”
Thus, some PMIS and QCS and Infractructure can be considered assets. For instance, customized software for Accounting/Auditing Information System.
感谢JP先生从财务会计角度停止并提供有关EEF的反馈。
Fahad,我如何对以下项目进行分类,它们是否属于EEF/ OPA
1. PMI-项目管理信息系统,例如项目企业解决方案,微软项目
3.质量控制系统 - 缺陷跟踪,质量检查工具
4.环境和法律程序(假定也属于EEF)
5. Any other organizational policies which are not directly relating to project environment.
Hello Janaka, as per my understanding, items can be categorized as follow:
PMI->企业环境因素
质量控制系统 - >企业环境因素(因为它是EEF的一部分)
Environment and Legal Procedures ->Organisational Process Assets
Organisational Policies -> Organisational Process Assets