企业环境因素（EEF）和组织过程资产（OPA）

Though the nature of a project is temporary, they are not performed in isolation. They work in a controlled environment and are affected by Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF) and Organizational Process Assets (OPA).

项目管理研究所将其称为影响。企业环境因素可以是内部或外部的，而组织过程资产始终是组织的内部。

Enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assets are widely discussed in thebob手机客户端并且是几乎所有过程的输入。您必须对EEF与OPA有透彻的了解。

尽管这些概念很简单，但许多PMP有抱负者无法理解它们，并且经常在考试中犯错。

Please note that you may or may not see a direct question on these topics in the exam, but having a better understanding of EEF and OPA will undoubtedly help you on your test.

企业环境因素（EEF）

First, we should understand the word “environment” before we start to discuss enterprise environmental factors.

You can define the environment as anything related to the natural world and the impact of human activity or its condition, or the culture that an individual lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact (Wikipedia).

由于我们生活在环境中，因此它以某种方式影响了我们的行为。

For instance, in cold weather, we need to wear woolen clothes to keep ourselves warm. The cold weather is the “environment” that forces us to cover ourselves with woolen clothes.

这是冷环境对我们的影响。

现在，我们来到企业环境因素。

Enterprise environmental factors are the influences not under the control of the organization or the project management team that affect the organization, theproject，及其结果。每个组织都必须存在并在EEF中工作。

These influences may have positive or negative impacts on your project constraints, though often, the impact is negative.

企业环境因素可以是内部的或外部的。

Examples of external enterprise environmental factors are as follows:

• 政府规章
• Market conditions
• 外部政治条件
• Industry standards
• Legal restrictions

内部企业环境因素的一些例子包括：

• Organizational culture
• 组织结构类型
• Internal political conditions
• Available resources
• 基础设施

Organizational Process Assets (OPA)

在进行组织流程资产之前，让我们定义资产。

An asset is defined as a useful or valuable entity or property owned by a person or company, which has value and is available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies.

Assets are something that you can own, keep, and make use of at any point in time.

资产的例子有很多。你可以有一个car, which helps you move around, a house to live in, a computer to work on… the list is endless.

In the same way,organizations也有资产,帮助他们实现他们的目标s. Here these assets are called organizational process assets. These OPAs are inputs of almost all processes of the PMBOK Guide. The project management team may modify these OPAs according to their requirements.

一旦项目结束，这些组织过程资产就可以存储在中央存储库中，以便可以在任何未来的项目需要时使用它们。

组织过程资产可以分为两类。

首先是用于进行工作的流程，政策和程序，其中包括以下内容：

• Policies
• Procedures
• 标准模板
• General guidelines

The project management team cannot update or modify these elements usually, as they have been provided by the organization. However, a project manager can provide feedback or suggestions, and higher management can make a decision to update or modify.

第二类包括用于存储和检索信息的公司知识库。例如：

• 风险注册
• 得到教训
• 利益相关者登记册
• 过去的项目文件
• 历史信息

这些组织流程资产影响了项目的成功，并且随着组织变得更大，它们会不断增长。

让我们说您处于识别风险过程中。您决定通过使用清单开始识别风险。

您不会从头开始创建此清单；您将查看任何过去的项目记录，以找到风险清单并根据您的项目要求对其进行自定义。这将为您节省很多时间。

There is a very famous saying in project management, “Why reinvent the wheel?” which means if you have something available to you, why would you try to remake it? You are free to update or modify elements from this category.

Organizational process assets are used extensively in project management. It is the responsibility of the project management team to look for any relevant documents in historical records before starting to build something from scratch.

The Difference Between Organizational Process Assets and Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF Vs OPA)

There are many differences between organizational process assets and enterprise environmental factors.

组织流程资产可帮助组织改善其流程，帮助项目管理团队学习，并通过使用集体知识库来分享最佳实践。

另一方面，企业环境因素可能会或可能不会帮助您的组织。这些是您的组织必须工作的条件，并且不属于项目管理团队的控制。

例如，如果政府增加税收，它将对您的利润产生负面影响；但是，如果他们减少税收，您的利润将会增加。

Moreover, enterprise environmental factors are not easy to change; you have to live with them. Organizational process assets can be customized according to their suitability, and they make the project management team’s life much more comfortable.

It is important to note that organizational process assets always support the project team, while enterprise environmental factors can help or hinder it.

Summary

Enterprise environmental factors (EEF) and organizational process assets (OPA) are the most widely referred to influences in the PMBOK Guide. EEFs provide you with a controlled environment in which your organization lives and you complete your project. OPAs help you by providing all corporate knowledge, policies, procedures, etc.

您必须了解这些影响，因为它们是大多数流程的输入，并且必须在其中管理项目。

您的项目如何受企业环境因素和组织流程资产（EEF和OPA）的影响？请在评论部分中分享您的想法。