企业环境因素（EEF）和组织流程资产（OPA）

Though the nature of a project is temporary, they are not performed in isolation. They work in a controlled environment and are affected by Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF) and Organizational Process Assets (OPA).

The Project Management Institute terms them as influences. Enterprise environmental factors can be internal or external, while organizational process assets are always internal to an organization.

企业环境因素和组织过程资产在bob手机客户端and are inputs of almost all processes. You must have a thorough understanding of EEF vs OPA.

Although the concepts are straightforward, many PMP aspirants fail to understand them and often make mistakes on the exam.

Please note that you may or may not see a direct question on these topics in the exam, but having a better understanding of EEF and OPA will undoubtedly help you on your test.

企业环境因素（EEF）

First, we should understand the word “environment” before we start to discuss enterprise environmental factors.

You can define the environment as anything related to the natural world and the impact of human activity or its condition, or the culture that an individual lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact (Wikipedia).

由于我们生活在环境中，因此以某种方式影响了我们的行为。

For instance, in cold weather, we need to wear woolen clothes to keep ourselves warm. The cold weather is the “environment” that forces us to cover ourselves with woolen clothes.

这是冷环境对我们的影响。

现在，我们来到企业环境因素。

企业环境因素是影响组织或影响组织的项目管理团队的影响project, and its outcome. Every organization has to exist and work within the EEF.

这些影响可能会对您的项目限制产生积极或负面的影响，尽管通常会影响负面影响。

Enterprise environment factors can be either internal or external.

Examples of external enterprise environmental factors are as follows:

• 政府规章
• 市场条件
• External political conditions
• 行业标准
• 法律上的限制

内部企业环境因素的一些例子包括：

• 组织文化
• Type of organizational structure
• 内部政治条件
• 可用资源b0b体育app
• Infrastructure

组织过程资产(OPA)

在进行组织流程资产之前，让我们定义资产。

资产被定义为个人或公司拥有的有用或有价值的实体或财产，具有价值，可用于满足债务，承诺或遗产。

资产是您可以在任何时间点拥有，保留和利用的东西。

Examples of assets are numerous; you can have a car, which helps you move around, a house to live in, a computer to work on… the list is endless.

以同样的方式组织also have assets that help them achieve their goals. Here these assets are called organizational process assets. These OPAs are inputs of almost all processes of the PMBOK Guide. The project management team may modify these OPAs according to their requirements.

项目结束后，这些组织流程资产可以存储在中央存储库中，以便可以在任何未来的项目需要时使用它们。

Organizational process assets can be divided into two categories.

The first is for processes, policies, and procedures for conducting work, which includes the following:

• 政策
• 程序
• 标准模板
• 一般准则

The project management team cannot update or modify these elements usually, as they have been provided by the organization. However, a project manager can provide feedback or suggestions, and higher management can make a decision to update or modify.

The second category comprises the corporate knowledge base for storing and retrieving information. For example:

• 风险register
• 得到教训
• 利益相关者登记册
• Past project files
• Historical information

这些组织流程资产影响了项目的成功，并且随着组织变得更大，它们会不断增长。

让我们说您处于识别风险过程中。您决定通过使用清单开始识别风险。

您不会从头开始创建此清单；您将查看任何过去的项目记录，以找到风险清单并根据您的项目要求对其进行自定义。这将为您节省很多时间。

项目管理中有一个非常著名的说法：“为什么要重新发明轮子？”这意味着如果您有东西可以使用，为什么要尝试重新制作？您可以自由更新或修改此类别的元素。

Organizational process assets are used extensively in project management. It is the responsibility of the project management team to look for any relevant documents in historical records before starting to build something from scratch.

组织过程资产和企业环境因素（EEF与OPA）之间的差异

组织过程资产和企业环境因素之间存在许多差异。

组织流程资产可帮助组织改善其流程，帮助项目管理团队学习，并通过使用集体知识库来分享最佳实践。

另一方面，企业环境因素可能会或可能不会帮助您的组织。这些是您的组织必须工作的条件，并且不属于项目管理团队的控制。

例如，如果政府增加税收，它将对您的利润产生负面影响；但是，如果他们减少税收，您的利润将会增加。

此外，企业环境因素不容易改变。你必须和他们一起生活。组织流程资产可以根据其适用性进行定制，并使项目管理团队的生活更加舒适。

重要的是要注意，组织流程资产始终支持项目团队，而企业环境因素可以帮助或阻碍它。

概括

Enterprise environmental factors (EEF) and organizational process assets (OPA) are the most widely referred to influences in the PMBOK Guide. EEFs provide you with a controlled environment in which your organization lives and you complete your project. OPAs help you by providing all corporate knowledge, policies, procedures, etc.

You have to understand these influences as they are inputs of most processes and you have to manage your project within them.

您的项目如何受企业环境因素和组织流程资产（EEF和OPA）的影响？请在评论部分中分享您的想法。