企业环境因素（EEF）和组织过程资产（OPA）

尽管项目的性质是暂时的，但并非孤立地进行。它们在受控环境中工作，并受到企业环境因素（EEF）和组织过程资产（OPA）的影响。

The Project Management Institute terms them as influences. Enterprise environmental factors can be internal or external, while organizational process assets are always internal to an organization.

企业环境因素和组织过程资产在bob手机客户端and are inputs of almost all processes. You must have a thorough understanding of EEF vs OPA.

Although the concepts are straightforward, many PMP aspirants fail to understand them and often make mistakes on the exam.

请注意，您可能会或可能不会在考试中看到有关这些主题的直接问题，但是对EEF和OPA的了解无疑会帮助您进行考试。

企业环境因素（EEF）

首先，在开始讨论企业环境因素之前，我们应该理解“环境”一词。

您可以将环境定义为与自然世界，人类活动或其状况的影响，或个人所居住的文化以及与之互动的人民和机构（Wikipedia）的任何事物。

由于我们生活在环境中，因此它以某种方式影响了我们的行为。

例如，在寒冷的天气中，我们需要穿羊毛衣服以保持自己的温暖。寒冷的天气是“环境”，迫使我们用羊毛衣服掩盖自己。

这是冷环境对我们的影响。

现在，我们来到企业环境因素。

Enterprise environmental factors are the influences not under the control of the organization or the project management team that affect the organization, the项目, and its outcome. Every organization has to exist and work within the EEF.

这些影响可能会对您的项目限制产生积极或负面的影响，尽管通常会影响负面影响。

Enterprise environment factors can be either internal or external.

Examples of external enterprise environmental factors are as follows:

• 政府规章
• Market conditions
• External political conditions
• Industry standards
• 法律上的限制

内部企业环境因素的一些例子包括：

• Organizational culture
• Type of organizational structure
• Internal political conditions
• 可用资源b0b体育app
• Infrastructure

组织流程资产（OPA）

在进行组织流程资产之前，让我们定义资产。

资产被定义为一个人或公司拥有的有用或有价值的实体或财产，具有价值，可用于满足债务，承诺或遗产。

Assets are something that you can own, keep, and make use of at any point in time.

Examples of assets are numerous; you can have a car, which helps you move around, a house to live in, a computer to work on… the list is endless.

In the same way,组织也有资产,帮助他们实现他们的目标s. Here these assets are called organizational process assets. These OPAs are inputs of almost all processes of the PMBOK Guide. The project management team may modify these OPAs according to their requirements.

一旦项目结束，这些组织过程资产就可以存储在中央存储库中，以便可以在任何未来的项目需要时使用它们。

Organizational process assets can be divided into two categories.

The first is for processes, policies, and procedures for conducting work, which includes the following:

• Policies
• Procedures
• 标准模板
• 一般准则

项目管理团队通常不能像组织提供的那样更新或修改这些要素。但是，项目经理可以提供反馈或建议，高级管理人员可以决定更新或修改。

The second category comprises the corporate knowledge base for storing and retrieving information. For example:

• Risk register
• 得到教训
• 利益相关者登记册
• Past project files
• Historical information

这些组织流程资产影响了项目的成功，并且随着组织变得更大，它们会不断增长。

让我们说您处于识别风险过程中。您决定通过使用清单开始识别风险。

您不会从头开始创建此清单；您将查看任何过去的项目记录，以找到风险清单并根据您的项目要求对其进行自定义。这将为您节省很多时间。

There is a very famous saying in project management, “Why reinvent the wheel?” which means if you have something available to you, why would you try to remake it? You are free to update or modify elements from this category.

组织过程资产广泛用于项目管理。项目管理团队的责任是在开始从头开始构建某些内容之前在历史记录中寻找任何相关文档。

组织过程资产和企业环境因素（EEF与OPA）之间的差异

There are many differences between organizational process assets and enterprise environmental factors.

组织流程资产可帮助组织改善其流程，帮助项目管理团队学习，并通过使用集体知识库来分享最佳实践。

On the other hand, enterprise environmental factors may or may not help your organization. These are the conditions in which your organization has to work and do not fall under the control of the project management team.

例如，如果政府增加税收，它将对您的利润产生负面影响；但是，如果他们减少税收，您的利润将会增加。

Moreover, enterprise environmental factors are not easy to change; you have to live with them. Organizational process assets can be customized according to their suitability, and they make the project management team’s life much more comfortable.

重要的是要注意，组织过程资产始终支持项目团队，而企业环境因素可以帮助或阻碍它。

概括

企业环境因素（EEF）和组织过程资产（OPA）是PMBOK指南中最广泛地提到的影响。bob手机客户端EEFS为您提供了一个受控的环境，您的组织居住并完成项目。OPA通过提供所有公司知识，政策，程序等来为您提供帮助。

You have to understand these influences as they are inputs of most processes and you have to manage your project within them.

您的项目如何受企业环境因素和组织流程资产（EEF和OPA）的影响？请在评论部分中分享您的想法。