尽管项目的性质是暂时的,但并非孤立地进行。它们在受控环境中工作,并受到企业环境因素(EEF)和组织过程资产(OPA)的影响。
项目管理研究所将其称为影响。企业环境因素可以是内部或外部的,而组织过程资产始终是组织的内部。
Enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assets are widely discussed in thebob手机客户端并且是几乎所有过程的输入。您必须对EEF与OPA有透彻的了解。
尽管这些概念很简单,但许多PMP有抱负者无法理解它们,并且经常在考试中犯错。
请注意,您可能会或可能不会在考试中看到有关这些主题的直接问题,但是对EEF和OPA的了解无疑会帮助您进行考试。
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)
首先,在开始讨论企业环境因素之前,我们应该理解“环境”一词。
您可以将环境定义为与自然世界,人类活动或其状况的影响,或个人所居住的文化以及与之互动的人民和机构(Wikipedia)的任何事物。
Since we live in an environment, it influences our behavior in a certain way.
例如,在寒冷的天气中,我们需要穿羊毛衣服以保持自己的温暖。寒冷的天气是“环境”,迫使我们用羊毛衣服掩盖自己。
This is the impact of a cold environment on us.
Now we come to enterprise environmental factors.
企业环境因素是影响组织或影响组织的项目管理团队的影响项目,及其结果。每个组织都必须存在并在EEF中工作。
These influences may have positive or negative impacts on your project constraints, though often, the impact is negative.
企业环境因素可以是内部的或外部的。
外部企业环境因素的示例如下:
- Government regulations
- 市场状况
- 外部政治条件
- 行业标准
- Legal restrictions
A few examples of internal enterprise environmental factors include:
- 组织文化
- 组织结构类型
- 内部政治条件
- Available resources
- 基础设施
组织流程资产(OPA)
Before moving on to the organizational process assets, let us define assets.
An asset is defined as a useful or valuable entity or property owned by a person or company, which has value and is available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies.
资产是您可以在任何时间点拥有,保留和利用的东西。
资产的例子很多;您可以有一辆汽车,可以帮助您四处走动,一座房子居住,一台用于工作的计算机……清单是无穷无尽的。
以同样的方式organizations还拥有可以帮助他们实现目标的资产。在这里,这些资产称为组织流程资产。这些飞散是PMBOK指南几乎所有过程的输入。bob手机客户端项目管理团队可以根据他们的要求修改这些飞散。
Once the project has ended, these organizational process assets can be stored in a central repository so that they can be used whenever required for any future projects.
组织过程资产可以分为两类。
首先是用于进行工作的流程,政策和程序,其中包括以下内容:
- 政策
- 程序
- Standard templates
- General guidelines
项目管理团队通常不能像组织提供的那样更新或修改这些要素。但是,项目经理可以提供反馈或建议,高级管理人员可以决定更新或修改。
第二类包括用于存储和检索信息的公司知识库。例如:
- 风险注册
- Lessons learned
- Stakeholder register
- 过去的项目文件
- 历史信息
These organizational process assets influence the project’s success, and they keep growing as the organization becomes larger.
Let us say that you are in the identify risks process. You decide to start identifying risks by using a checklist.
You are not going to create this checklist from scratch; you will look at any similar past project records to find a risk checklist and customize it as per your project requirements. This will save you a lot of time.
项目管理中有一个非常著名的说法:“为什么要重新发明轮子?”这意味着如果您有一些可用的东西,为什么要尝试重新制作?您可以自由更新或修改此类别的元素。
组织过程资产广泛用于项目管理。项目管理团队的责任是在开始从头开始构建某些内容之前在历史记录中寻找任何相关文档。
The Difference Between Organizational Process Assets and Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF Vs OPA)
组织过程资产和企业环境因素之间存在许多差异。
Organizational process assets help organizations to improve their processes, help project management teams to learn, and share best practices by using a collective knowledge base.
另一方面,企业环境因素s may or may not help your organization. These are the conditions in which your organization has to work and do not fall under the control of the project management team.
For example, if the government increases taxes, it will affect your profits negatively; however, if they decrease taxes, your profits will increase.
此外,企业环境因素不容易改变。你必须和他们一起生活。组织流程资产可以根据其适用性进行定制,并使项目管理团队的生活更加舒适。
It is important to note that organizational process assets always support the project team, while enterprise environmental factors can help or hinder it.
Summary
企业环境因素(EEF)和组织过程资产(OPA)是PMBOK指南中最广泛地提到的影响。bob手机客户端EEFS为您提供了一个受控的环境,您的组织居住并完成项目。OPA通过提供所有公司知识,政策,程序等来为您提供帮助。
您必须了解这些影响,因为它们是大多数流程的输入,并且必须在其中管理项目。
How is your project influenced by enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assets (EEF and OPA)? Please share your thoughts in the comments section.
Hello Fahad,
谢谢您的解释性文章。对于那些正在学习考试的人来说,这确实很有帮助。
您能否澄清一下我遇到的练习问题:为什么预先合格的卖家名单被视为EEF而不是OPA?因为从我的角度来看,此列表是在计划采购时有助于PM的文档。
预先感谢您抽出宝贵的时间来澄清。
有时它很有用,而有时则无济于事。您可能仅限于仅使用预先资格的卖家,因此它是EEF。
Hi great topic and clarity!
I’m preparing for the exam and need clarity as to which organization the EEF apply to? Should the performing org be considering these factors for their environment to complete the project or are they factors that should be considered for the requesting org where the P, S, R will eventually be transferred to? PMBOK is clear that OPA are used by and specific to the performing org, however not clear about EEF. I recently completed a class where instructor stated they apply to the requesting org however Rita Mulcahy is stating the performing org.
DESPERATING seaking clarity!!
PMBOK专门针对它的整章。
请参阅第2章(项目运营的环境),以了解该主题。
这是一个很好的话题,非常启发。环境法规目前正在拖延公司。大约五十年前,甚至比组织的时间不长得多。在我们目前的时期,公司为环境违规付出了沉重的代价。
先生,最好的问候
我们必须忍受并相应地管理。
感谢您的访问。
嗨,法哈德,
对于“人事管理”,即使在PMBOK内部似乎也存在混乱,这被认为是组织流程资产(4.4.1.5)以及企业环境因素(5.1.1.3,5.2.1.6和5.3.1.6和5.3.1.4)………………我想知道哪一个是正确的?
为了使事情变得更糟,通过与“政策是无散的政策”的概念相矛盾,在10.1.1.4,10.2.1.4,10.2.1.4,13.2.1.5,13.3.1.3&13.4.1.4中提到了人事管理政策。
如果有人能阐明这种不一致,那将是很棒的。
感谢您提供的有用信息!我了解OPA和EEFS之间的区别,但是由于它们是大多数流程的输入或输出,是否有方便的过程列表OPA和/或EEF不是输入或输出?这只是在尝试管理所有ITTO的方面变得更容易,并将其集中在过程或知识领域的特定方面,
谢谢!
你可以假定它是输入总是所有进程. Cannot think of any process which will have them as an input.
really it is the best explanation I have seen to define the EEF & OPA. but I have a little confuse regarding to the quality control system that you specified as EEF
but I can see it as company can change the system – if their is another better practice will improve the projects- so it should be under OPA….can you please explain me why it goes under EEF and not under OPA?
your time and help is really appreciated and thanks in advance.
是的,公司可以改变系统,政府可以改变法规,市场状况也可以改变,政治环境也会改变。
可以进行更好的法规,并且也会发生一个有利的政治环境。
But these change do not make them organizational process assets.
为了使更多的混乱,在丽塔·穆尔卡希(Rita Mulcahy)第8页的第128页中,变更控制系统的定义是“许多组织作为其PMI的一部分具有变更控制系统。该系统包括…跟踪控制更改的过程和软件。它是组织EEF的一部分。”
根据RITA的说法,PMI中包括更改控制程序,PMI是EEF的一部分。因此,变更控制程序必须是EEF的一部分。但是PMBOK第147页定义了OPA包括更改控制过程。
What is your comment Fahad
更改控制程序和变更控制系统不同。
政策and procedures are part of organizational process so the change control procedure will also be a part of OPA.
PMBOK® Guide – Fifth Edition, page 75 says “The organizational process assets …include : standardized guidelines, work instructions, proposal evaluation criteria, change control procedures, project files from previous projects, configuration management knowledge base, etc”. PMBOK® Guide – Fifth Edition, page 75
对我来说,变更控制程序与学习的课程,历史数据或知识库无关。因此,它在EEF中更好。你认为法哈德怎么样?
嗨,法哈德,
非常感谢您对提到的一些主题的详细说明以及清晰的清晰度。
1.离题到另一个级别,对“酌情依赖性”一词感到困惑,以及为什么我们需要在快速跟踪过程中消除酌处依赖性以控制时间表?
您的想法非常感谢。
建议对依赖性依赖,有时需要额外的时间。
由于这些不是强制性的,因此在快速跟踪期间,您会查看这些依赖关系以缩短时间。
嗨,法哈德,thanks for your patience to answer all questions. Here i have a confusion and seek your help.
While the project is still running where is all project data stored? data like PM plan, Project documents, Work performance data, Work performance reports.
如果这些数据通过PMI(EEF)作为前端存储,是否将其存储在某些知识库中,例如公司知识库(OPA)作为后端?
还是它保留在EEF中,直到项目完成,然后通过学习的课程将其提交给OPA?
If it is in soft format, it will be stored in computer servers. Otherwise as long as the project is active the project manger will keep it with him and later it can be transferred to some archiving store.
位置并不重要,重要的是存储。
If it is in soft format then what kind of database is it stored in? Does it come under OPA or EEF? The scenario is about project data before the project is closed. TIA.
It may be stored in PMIS.
不确定是否没有故意回答。问题询问PMI是OPA还是EEF。有趣的是,在PMBOK V6中,有时在EEF和其他时间下显示了OPA。非常令人困惑和清晰将不胜感激。
Yes, you are right, however, usually PMIS is an EEF.
请迫使我的问题。我知道以前有人问过,但我仍在努力理解这些区别:
我的理解:
EEF - 您必须工作的条件(内部和外部)。你别无选择。您不能改变它,它会影响每个人(寒冷的天气,法律,严酷的政府政策,高海拔,不友好的同事/工作文化,功能矩阵组织,预测的组织等)
OPA – (Internal only) Tools, techniques, information or knowledge that affect the actual “doing of the work” – they can help or guide you do your work (guidelines, procedures, historical information from past projects, lessons learned).
My question: What does company policy fall under?
On one hand, I cannot control company policy and must abide by it, making it an EEF
另一方面,我需要了解政策才能知道如何完成工作,使其成为OPA
您的理解是正确的。
政策are OPA as they are designed by your organization to help you successfully complete the project.
Hi,
我在OPA和EEF之间感到困惑,并找到了您的网站。查看评论,我在下面看到您对这些示例的分类。即使我觉得我知道您的意思,我也不理解理由。您能否详细说明或将其与文章定义联系起来,以使我更好地理解?谢谢!
PMI->企业环境因素
Quality Controlling Systems -> Enterprise Environmental Factors
环境和法律程序 - >组织流程资产
组织政策 - >组织流程资产
Thanks so much Fahad for this explanation. Very helpful and your examples really helped me clear majority of my confusions regarding OPA and EEF. However couple of them still remains, respecting all your efforts and knowledge.
出于澄清的目的 - 请忍受我。
1. You have mentioned that “…OPA can be customized according to the suitability, and they make the project management team’s life much easier”. Policies, procedures, plans and knowledge bases are OPAs. Here I am little bit confused, my understanding of policies and procedures is that they are “assets” owned by the organization and applied across all project and operational activities, which are not individually customized for a particular project activity. For example, my current project follows the Health and Safety Policy (OPA) of our organization which cannot be customized for my project and hence a constraint, rather than a support.
2.组织结构 - 我真的需要一些帮助 - 组织将如何。构建eef?请帮忙。
If you find any new best practice, procedure can be update. Likewise policy can also be changed.
组织结构是您有工作的环境。例如,如果您在弱矩阵组织中工作,则可能必须根据需要与功能管理器联系。
努力,乌斯曼尼先生。
PMI->企业环境因素
Quality Controlling Systems -> Enterprise Environmental Factors (Since it is a part of the EEF)
我了解PMI称为PMI和QCS Enterprise环境因素,但从财务会计定义角度来看,“资产”是由于过去事件而受到企业控制的资源,并且预计未来的经济利益将带给企业。”
因此,某些PMI和QC和基础结构可以视为资产。例如,定制用于会计/审核信息系统的软件。
感谢JP先生从财务会计角度停止并提供有关EEF的反馈。
Fahad, How do I categorize following items whether they are belong to EEF/ OPA
1. PMIS – Project Management Information Systems e.g. Project Enterprise Solutions, Microsoft Project
3. Quality Controlling Systems – Defect Tracking, QA tools
4. Environment and Legal Procedures (assumed that also belong EEF)
5.与项目环境无直接关系的任何其他组织政策。
您好Janaka,根据我的理解,项目可以分类如下:
PMI->企业环境因素
Quality Controlling Systems -> Enterprise Environmental Factors (Since it is a part of the EEF)
环境和法律程序 - >组织流程资产
组织政策 - >组织流程资产