确定项目利益相关者

Today, we will talk about how to identify stakeholders in project management.

Project management is about managing stakeholders. Projects exist to fulfill the stakeholders’ requirements. If they are not happy, you cannot say that your project was a success.

PMBObob手机客户端K指南describes a stakeholder作为一个个人，团体或组织，可能受到项目的决定，活动或结果的影响，可能会受到项目的影响。

Put simply, if someone has any interest in or is affected by your project, they are your stakeholder.

Examples of stakeholders include the project manager, project sponsor, higher management, and team members.

您想以最小的头痛和麻烦来完成项目。因此，您必须尽早确定您的项目利益相关者，然后在整个过程中与他们互动the project life-cycle.

How to Identify Stakeholders in Project Management?

You start identifying stakeholders process as soon the sponsor signs the project charter.

During this process, you will identify your project’s stakeholders and record this information in the stakeholders’ register. The information may include interests, influence, and impact on the project.

The followingproject management documentsand techniques will help you find your stakeholders:

  • Project Charter
  • Contract Documents
  • Procurement Documents
  • OPA and EEF
  • 专家访谈
  • Brainstorming Sessions

Project Charter

A project charter name the project manager and officially starts the project. This document contains other high-level information, like the name of the project manager, client, sponsor, other influential stakeholders, and more.

You will find the names of the key stakeholders in the project charter.

Contract Documents

If you confirmed the project through a contractual agreement,review the contractdocuments carefully.

The contract agreement can give you the names of suppliers, local agents, and contacts from the client’s side.

OPA and EEF

Reviewing theenterprise environmental factors and organizational process assetscan reveal many stakeholders.

The stakeholder register and lessons learned documents from past projects can also help you find more.

政府是任何项目的关键利益相关者，他们的支持对于您的项目的成功至关重要。您必须与各种政府当局保持良好的工作关系。您可以从企业环境因素中获取有关政府实体的信息。

Furthermore, reviewing governmental regulations and industry standards can help you find more stakeholders for your project.

与专家的访谈

You don’t have to interview all stakeholders, but you should use this technique for the influential ones. You can gain a great deal of information this way.

尝试在面试中提出开放式问题，并考虑与您保持一支团队成员以记录信息。

Brainstorming Sessions

收集我的头脑风暴是一个很好的技术nformation and identifying stakeholders for your project. You can brainstorm with your team members and experts.

Try to find the answers to the following questions during the brainstorming session:

  • 谁直接或间接参与该项目？
  • Who may be affected by the project?
  • Who gains or loses?
  • Who wants to complete the project successfully?
  • 谁是供应商？
  • 谁将使用该项目的可交付方式？
  • Who are the competitors?
  • Who are the shareholders?
  • 谁拥有该项目及其结果？
  • 谁有权提供支持？
  • Who can cause your project to fail?

利益相关者的识别是一个连续的过程。您必须在整个项目生命周期中继续寻找它们。

As the project progresses, you may find that new stakeholders come on board. A few of your old ones may lose interest in your project. Power and interest may change over time, so keep tabs on stakeholders’ attributes.

您将在利益相关者登记册中记录利益相关者的信息。简约登记册将具有以下数据：

  • 姓名
  • 标题
  • 兴趣
  • 力量
  • Requirements
  • Expectations

This will help you in drafting the利益相关者管理策略.

Summary

Identifying stakeholders is an iterative process. You should repeat it throughout the project’s life cycle, making sure that you don’t omit any stakeholders because the future of your project is in danger if you miss any.

Identifying stakeholders in the project management is an important process from a PMP exam point of view, so understand it well.

How do you identify your project stakeholders? Please share your thoughts in the comments section.