Definition:这Scope of Workdefines the required work to complete a project. It also includes project milestones, deliverables, reports, etc. A well-defined scope of work helps achieve project objectives with the least hassle.
工作范围的示例
In the scope of work, deliverables should list all tasks and details.
例如，
任务：Develop a web application for existing customers to log in, register, access a direct payment option without logging in, and an option to download the interest certificate without logging in using the registration number and OTP.
Deliverable:A customer portal web application for home loans.
此示例详细介绍了它是Web应用程序还是移动应用程序及其功能。
工作范围的重要性
项目涉及多个利益相关者；因此，沟通不畅和混乱的可能性很大。有时，一个小错误会危及该项目的成功。工作范围有助于避免这种情况。
这scope of work ensures allproject stakeholdersare on the same page with the same project vision.
Who Should Develop the Scope of Work?
项目经理与主要利益相关者合作开发了工作范围。该项目在本文档准备就绪后开始。本文档中的任何更改都需要更改请求。
如果该项目是通过固定价格合同，客户将提供详细的工作范围。
How to Create a Scope of Work
这scope of work document usually contains the following parts:
- 可交付成果：项目交付并且最终产品在本节中记录在本节中。这工作分解结构和WBS Dictionarycan be used for this purpose.
- Timelines:本节从头到尾提供了项目的视觉路线图。时间轴或Gantt Chartis used to describe the phases of the project.
- 里程碑:里程碑are critical project events that help track project progress.
- Reporting:如果可交付是报告，则本节将提供详细信息和频率。
工作范围
A template of the scope of work is given below:
撰写工作范围的挑战
- 范围蠕变：如果没有明确定义要求，则可能导致scope creep以及其他影响的问题project baselines.
- Lack of Skills:If team members lack the necessary project management skills, they may prepare a sound scope of work but miss critical details.
- 缺乏风险管理：如果项目经理不遵循risk management在他们的项目上，风险会影响项目目标.
撰写有效范围的技巧
- 在最终确定工作范围之前，请获得关键利益相关者的共识。
- 具体并具有明确的细节。
- If required, include visualizations, pictures, files, tables, photos, charts, graphics, videos, links, and examples to increase the readability.
- All definitions, business terms, phrases, or acronyms must be explained in the document.
- 这project success criteria should be clear, and all stakeholders should agree on them.
- 保持现实，并在需要时咨询主题专家。
- 让整个团队准备工作范围。
工作范围与工作声明
Both scope of work and statement of work are abbreviated as SoW, but they are different.
Scope of work is a subset of astatement of work. A statement of work is a legal document that describes how to achieve the goal, and the scope of work defines the work to complete the project.
对于内部项目，可能只需要工作范围，但是外部项目需要工作声明。
工作范围可以帮助项目团队和利益相关者就要求达成共识，并确定可能影响时间表的潜在风险。
这statement of work is built based on the scope of work and includes other information such as payment terms and conditions. This document is the first reference to avoid any disputes or misunderstandings.
结论
工作范围是关键项目文件描述所需的工作完成project. It helps project managers control scope; without it, scope creep can occur and affect the project baselines.
