Though the nature of a project is temporary, they are not performed in isolation. They work in a controlled environment and are affected by Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF) and Organizational Process Assets (OPA).
项目管理研究所将其称为影响。企业环境因素可以是内部或外部的,而组织过程资产始终是组织的内部。
企业环境因素和组织过程资产在bob手机客户端并且是几乎所有过程的输入。您必须对EEF与OPA有透彻的了解。
尽管这些概念很简单,但许多PMP有抱负者无法理解它们,并且经常在考试中犯错。
Please note that you may or may not see a direct question on these topics in the exam, but having a better understanding of EEF and OPA will undoubtedly help you on your test.
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)
First, we should understand the word “environment” before we start to discuss enterprise environmental factors.
You can define the environment as anything related to the natural world and the impact of human activity or its condition, or the culture that an individual lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact (Wikipedia).
Since we live in an environment, it influences our behavior in a certain way.
For instance, in cold weather, we need to wear woolen clothes to keep ourselves warm. The cold weather is the “environment” that forces us to cover ourselves with woolen clothes.
This is the impact of a cold environment on us.
Now we come to enterprise environmental factors.
Enterprise environmental factors are the influences not under the control of the organization or the project management team that affect the organization, theproject,及其结果。每个组织都必须存在并在EEF中工作。
这些影响可能会对您的项目限制产生积极或负面的影响,尽管通常会影响负面影响。
企业环境因素可以是内部的或外部的。
Examples of external enterprise environmental factors are as follows:
- Government regulations
- Market conditions
- 外部政治条件
- Industry standards
- 法律上的限制
A few examples of internal enterprise environmental factors include:
- Organizational culture
- 组织结构类型
- Internal political conditions
- 可用资源b0b体育app
- 基础设施
Organizational Process Assets (OPA)
Before moving on to the organizational process assets, let us define assets.
An asset is defined as a useful or valuable entity or property owned by a person or company, which has value and is available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies.
Assets are something that you can own, keep, and make use of at any point in time.
资产的例子很多;您可以有一辆汽车,可以帮助您四处走动,一座房子居住,一台用于工作的计算机……清单是无穷无尽的。
In the same way,组织also have assets that help them achieve their goals. Here these assets are called organizational process assets. These OPAs are inputs of almost all processes of the PMBOK Guide. The project management team may modify these OPAs according to their requirements.
Once the project has ended, these organizational process assets can be stored in a central repository so that they can be used whenever required for any future projects.
组织过程资产可以分为两类。
首先是用于进行工作的流程,政策和程序,其中包括以下内容:
- Policies
- Procedures
- Standard templates
- General guidelines
The project management team cannot update or modify these elements usually, as they have been provided by the organization. However, a project manager can provide feedback or suggestions, and higher management can make a decision to update or modify.
第二类包括用于存储和检索信息的公司知识库。例如:
- 风险注册
- Lessons learned
- Stakeholder register
- 过去的项目文件
- 历史信息
These organizational process assets influence the project’s success, and they keep growing as the organization becomes larger.
Let us say that you are in the identify risks process. You decide to start identifying risks by using a checklist.
You are not going to create this checklist from scratch; you will look at any similar past project records to find a risk checklist and customize it as per your project requirements. This will save you a lot of time.
There is a very famous saying in project management, “Why reinvent the wheel?” which means if you have something available to you, why would you try to remake it? You are free to update or modify elements from this category.
Organizational process assets are used extensively in project management. It is the responsibility of the project management team to look for any relevant documents in historical records before starting to build something from scratch.
组织过程资产和企业环境因素(EEF与OPA)之间的差异
There are many differences between organizational process assets and enterprise environmental factors.
Organizational process assets help organizations to improve their processes, help project management teams to learn, and share best practices by using a collective knowledge base.
On the other hand, enterprise environmental factors may or may not help your organization. These are the conditions in which your organization has to work and do not fall under the control of the project management team.
For example, if the government increases taxes, it will affect your profits negatively; however, if they decrease taxes, your profits will increase.
Moreover, enterprise environmental factors are not easy to change; you have to live with them. Organizational process assets can be customized according to their suitability, and they make the project management team’s life much more comfortable.
重要的是要注意,组织过程资产始终支持项目团队,而企业环境因素可以帮助或阻碍它。
概括
Enterprise environmental factors (EEF) and organizational process assets (OPA) are the most widely referred to influences in the PMBOK Guide. EEFs provide you with a controlled environment in which your organization lives and you complete your project. OPAs help you by providing all corporate knowledge, policies, procedures, etc.
您必须了解这些影响,因为它们是大多数流程的输入,并且必须在其中管理项目。
How is your project influenced by enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assets (EEF and OPA)? Please share your thoughts in the comments section.
你好法哈德,
谢谢你佛r this explanatory article. It is really helpful for those who are studying for the exam.
您能否澄清一下我遇到的练习问题:为什么预先合格的卖家名单被视为EEF而不是OPA?因为从我的角度来看,此列表是在计划采购时有助于PM的文档。
预先感谢您抽出宝贵的时间来澄清。
Sometimes it is useful and other times not. You may be restricted to use only the prequalified sellers, so it is an EEF.
Hi great topic and clarity!
I’m preparing for the exam and need clarity as to which organization the EEF apply to? Should the performing org be considering these factors for their environment to complete the project or are they factors that should be considered for the requesting org where the P, S, R will eventually be transferred to? PMBOK is clear that OPA are used by and specific to the performing org, however not clear about EEF. I recently completed a class where instructor stated they apply to the requesting org however Rita Mulcahy is stating the performing org.
绝望的嘶嘶声清晰!
PMBOK专门针对它的整章。
请参阅第2章(项目运营的环境),以了解该主题。
这是一个很好的话题,非常启发。环境法规目前正在拖延公司。大约五十年前,甚至比组织的时间不长得多。在我们目前的时期,公司为环境违规付出了沉重的代价。
Best regards to you sir,
We have to live with it and manage accordingly.
感谢您的访问。
嗨,法哈德,
There seems to be a confusion even within PMBOK with regards to “personnel administration” which has been mentioned to be an organizational process asset (4.4.1.5) as well as an enterprise environmental factor (5.1.1.3, 5.2.1.6 and 5.3.1.4 )……………I wonder which one is correct?
To make things even worse, by contradicting the concept that “policies are OPAs”, Personnel Administration Policies are mentioned under enterprise environmental factors in 10.1.1.4, 10.2.1.4, 13.2.1.5, 13.3.1.3 & 13.4.1.4.
It will be great if someone could shed some light on this inconsistency.
Thanks for the helpful info! I understand the difference between OPA’s and EEFs but since they are an input to or output of most of the processes, is there a handy list of processes where OPA’s and/or EEFs are NOT an input or output? This would just make it easier in terms of trying to manage all the ITTOs and focus one the ones that are process or knowledge area specific,
Thanks!
You can assume it is input to always all processes. Cannot think of any process which will have them as an input.
really it is the best explanation I have seen to define the EEF & OPA. but I have a little confuse regarding to the quality control system that you specified as EEF
但我可以看到它作为公司可以改变系统– if their is another better practice will improve the projects- so it should be under OPA….can you please explain me why it goes under EEF and not under OPA?
your time and help is really appreciated and thanks in advance.
Yes, company can change the system, Government can change the regulation, market condition can also change, and political environment can also change.
可以进行更好的法规,并且也会发生一个有利的政治环境。
但是这些变化并不能使它们成为组织流程资产。
为了使更多的混乱,在丽塔·穆尔卡希(Rita Mulcahy)第8页的第128页中,变更控制系统的定义是“许多组织作为其PMI的一部分具有变更控制系统。该系统包括…跟踪控制更改的过程和软件。它是组织EEF的一部分。”
根据RITA的说法,PMI中包括更改控制程序,PMI是EEF的一部分。因此,变更控制程序必须是EEF的一部分。但是PMBOK第147页定义了OPA包括更改控制过程。
你的评论是什么
Change control procedure and change control system are different.
政策和程序是组织过程的一部分,因此变更控制程序也将成为OPA的一部分。
PMBOK®指南 - 第五版,第75页说:“组织过程资产……包括:标准化指南,工作说明,提案评估标准,变更控制程序,来自先前项目的项目文件,配置管理知识库等”。PMBOK®指南 - 第五版,第75页
对我来说,改变控制程序是没有过热ed to lesson learned, historical data or knowledge base. Therefore, it it better in EEF. What do you think Fahad?
嗨,法哈德,
Thanks a lot for the detailed explanation and also crystal clear clarity on some of the topics mentioned.
1. Digressing to a different level, am confused about the term “Discretionary dependency” and why we need to eliminate discretionary dependencies during fast-tracking to control the schedule?
您的想法非常感谢。
Discretionary dependency are recommended dependency which some times take extra time.
Since these are not mandatory, during fast tracking you look on these dependencies to cut the time.
嗨,法哈德,thanks for your patience to answer all questions. Here i have a confusion and seek your help.
当项目仍在运行时,所有项目数据存储在哪里?诸如PM计划,项目文档,工作绩效数据,工作绩效报告之类的数据。
If this data is stored through PMIS (EEF) as a front end, is it stored in some knowledge base like Corporate Knowledge base (OPA) as a backend?
还是它保留在EEF中,直到项目完成,然后通过学习的课程将其提交给OPA?
如果以软格式,它将存储在计算机服务器中。否则,只要项目活跃,项目经理就会与他保持联系,后来可以将其转移到某个档案店。
位置并不重要,重要的是存储。
如果是软格式,那么它存储在哪种数据库中?它在OPA还是EEF下?该方案是关于项目关闭之前的项目数据。tia。
It may be stored in PMIS.
Not sure if this is not answered deliberately. The question asks if PMIS is considered OPA or EEF. Interestingly enough in PMBOK v6 it is sometimes shown under EEF and othertimes under OPA. Very confusing and clarity would be appreciated.
Yes, you are right, however, usually PMIS is an EEF.
Please oblige my question. I know it has been asked before, but I’m still struggling to understand the distinctions:
My understanding:
EEF – Condition (internal and external) under which you have to work. You have not choice. You cannot change it, it affects everybody (Cold weather, the law, harsh governmental policies, high altitude, unfriendly co-worker/work culture, functional matrix org, projectized org, etc)
OPA – (Internal only) Tools, techniques, information or knowledge that affect the actual “doing of the work” – they can help or guide you do your work (guidelines, procedures, historical information from past projects, lessons learned).
我的问题:公司政策属于什么?
一方面,我无法控制公司政策,必须遵守它,使其成为EEF
另一方面,我需要了解政策才能知道如何完成工作,使其成为OPA
您的理解是正确的。
Policies are OPA as they are designed by your organization to help you successfully complete the project.
Hi,
我在OPA和EEF之间感到困惑,并找到了您的网站。查看评论,我在下面看到您对这些示例的分类。即使我觉得我知道您的意思,我也不理解理由。您能否详细说明或将其与文章定义联系起来,以使我更好地理解?谢谢!
PMIS -> Enterprise Environmental Factors
Quality Controlling Systems -> Enterprise Environmental Factors
环境和法律程序 - >组织流程资产
Organisational Policies -> Organisational Process Assets
非常感谢Fahad的解释。非常乐于助人,您的例子确实帮助我清除了关于OPA和EEF的大部分困惑。但是,他们仍然仍然存在,尊重您的所有努力和知识。
出于澄清的目的 - 请忍受我。
1. You have mentioned that “…OPA can be customized according to the suitability, and they make the project management team’s life much easier”. Policies, procedures, plans and knowledge bases are OPAs. Here I am little bit confused, my understanding of policies and procedures is that they are “assets” owned by the organization and applied across all project and operational activities, which are not individually customized for a particular project activity. For example, my current project follows the Health and Safety Policy (OPA) of our organization which cannot be customized for my project and hence a constraint, rather than a support.
2. Organization structure – I really need some help here – how would the org. structure an EEF? Please help.
If you find any new best practice, procedure can be update. Likewise policy can also be changed.
Organizational structure is environment in which you have work. For example if you working in weak matrix organization, you may have to approach the functional manager for you needs.
努力,乌斯曼尼先生。
PMIS -> Enterprise Environmental Factors
Quality Controlling Systems -> Enterprise Environmental Factors (Since it is a part of the EEF)
I understand the PMI calls PMIS and QCS Enterprise Environmental Factors but from a financial accounting definition perspective “”An asset is a resource controlled by the enterprise as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the enterprise.”
因此,某些PMI和QC和基础结构可以视为资产。例如,定制用于会计/审核信息系统的软件。
Thank you Mr JP for stopping by and providing the feedback on EEF from a financial accounting perspective.
Fahad, How do I categorize following items whether they are belong to EEF/ OPA
1. PMI-项目管理信息系统,例如项目企业解决方案,微软项目
3. Quality Controlling Systems – Defect Tracking, QA tools
4.环境和法律程序(假定也属于EEF)
5.与项目环境无直接关系的任何其他组织政策。
Hello Janaka, as per my understanding, items can be categorized as follow:
PMIS -> Enterprise Environmental Factors
Quality Controlling Systems -> Enterprise Environmental Factors (Since it is a part of the EEF)
环境和法律程序 - >组织流程资产
Organisational Policies -> Organisational Process Assets